Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse Essay

Expound on two sociological factors race and creature misuse - Essay Example Theory 1. The ethnicity or race of an individual might possibly affect their affinity to manhandle or not misuse creatures. To demonstrate or refute this underlying speculation, it is important to choose an equivalent gathering of people from each conceivable racial foundation. For instance, 25 men and 25 ladies between the ages of twenty and forty would be chosen from each racial foundation. These gatherings would incorporate Caucasian, African American, Latino and Asian. These gatherings would all be heedless to what the examination was about. The gatherings would be kept separate by race and checked in an office for multi week. Every individual would be set with a pooch. Every individual would be observed for the length of the week. The mutts would likewise be observed. Toward the week's end, the accompanying would be resolved: The conduct of the canine when contrasted with the conduct toward the start of the week; the occasions every individual took care of, watered, petted or in vested energy with the pooch (strolling the canine and so on); and obviously any maltreatment or disregard would be resolved. The potential issues with this investigation would be age variety in the people as a potential factor, regardless of whether every individual was a hound individual or not, regardless of whether the individual abstained from showing oppressive conduct because of feeling watched or watched. Potential difficulties for this specific technique for study may incorporate the way that there are a few factors inside the examination, for example, the two ladies and men. The subject of whether guys are bound to mishandle creatures instead of females could be presented. Another variable to consider is whether the people in the investigation had been mishandled as kids as this may play in to their inclination to be damaging as grown-ups. Additionally, the way that this examination isn't being directed for a huge scope might be a difficult factor. Be that as it may, the moderately little size of the gatherings should minimize expenses and ought to consequently be close enough. At last, strict foundation could be a variable not anticipated or considered. On the off chance that an individual is of Hindu confidence, they will love creatures as much as human life and in this manner potentially be significantly less powerless to injurious conduct towards creatures. An answer for this variable difficulty might be to just choose people of non religion. On the off chance that people have no strict convictions, this may level out the subjects that are being examined, significantly more. Different religions, for example, Santeria generally perform creature penance and in this way may see creatures in a not exactly moral way. Theory 2. The event of abusive behavior at home and creature misuse might be associated. In the event that household misuse is progressively conspicuous in a specific race, at that point creature misuse should likewise be. Asylum ladies were bound to report that their accomplices had taken steps to hurt their pets (Ascione, Weber, Wood, 1997). So as to lead an examination to investigate this speculation, one would need to limit the investigation to either household abusers or survivors of residential maltreatment as of late the connection between creature cold-bloodedness and family viciousness has caught the consideration of sociologists, analysts, criminologists, and officials (Faver, Strand, 2003). The most ideal approach to this examination is work inside around 4 ladies' sanctuaries. These asylums would should be a decent separation separated from each other so as to widen the socioeconomics of the examination. Once picking up authorization from the asylum and its living arrangement, one would need to

Lean Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lean Management - Essay Example From the examination it tends to be appreciated that the models and ideas which impact the valuing choices of a firm are the board bookkeeping choices. The valuing system of a firm is impacted by a few components which incorporate the fixed and variable expenses of the firm and the ecological elements which incorporate lawful examination and contender investigation. A portion of the particular ideas in cost bookkeeping are lean bookkeeping, asset utilization bookkeeping, move valuing and so on. Producers need to consider different fields like the gracefully chain process, the benefits hazard to minimal effort and so on while deciding a proper costing methodology for the firm. The term Lean Management implies the rules that are utilized for lean creation. The fundamental thought of the idea of lean assembling is to decrease the wastages brought about in any structure in the firm. The wastages of the firm which can be limited using Lean Management standards are the imperfections underw ay as there is no appropriate utility of the item. The overproduction factor in firms as a rule prompts abundance completed stock, unseemly stock control and the proficient less creation framework utilized. The idea of Lean Management is a subsidiary of the Toyota Production Systems (TPS). The TPS arrangement decreases the time hole between the customers’ request and the conveyance to the client. The JIT arrangement of stock likewise helps in nil wastage of stocks. Asset utilization bookkeeping is a kind of standard based administration bookkeeping which furnishes the supervisors with a choice continue framework for the association. Another idea which influences the valuing choice is move estimating. Move valuing is very appropriate if there should be an occurrence of the assembling associations. Move valuing helps in decreasing the working expenses and furthermore helps in bringing down the successful duty cost of worldwide activities. â€Å"Using move evaluating financial matters to delineate the exchanges in which the new plant will take an interest, with providers and clients just as with related gatherings, uncovers covered up opportunities† (Transfer Pricing in the Automotive Industry 2006, p. 3). Asset utilization bookkeeping is another model which furnishes chiefs with sufficient administration bookkeeping framework so as to help valuing or costing choices in a firm. This idea was uncommonly created for cutting edge producing. The asset based cost bookkeeping includes assets, their costs, the amount based displaying, the cost conduct. Lean administration bookkeeping and Toyota Production System are the most appropriate models which can be rapidly and valuably applied in Maniac Plc. The lean administration framework will be valuable in taking evaluating choices of the firm. â€Å"The lean administration framework is organized around three necessities of lean creation: key arranging, authoritative structure and human asset capabilitiesâ₠¬  (Jackson and Jones 1996, p. 18). 2) Maniac Plc rehearses both standard costing just as movement based costing framework. Standard costing and change costing are both costing types which assume a significant job in the executives bookkeeping. The standard costing framework is the estimation of the costs which are vital for the methodology of

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 30, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 01, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Stanislaw Pytel / Getty Images In people with bipolar disorder, mania and hypomania can comprise various symptoms, from reckless spending to sexual promiscuity. In addition, some more subtle symptoms may also occur, such as the belief held by some patients  that everything occurring around them is related somehow to them when in fact it isnt.?? This symptom is known as ideas of reference. An extension of those irrational beliefs, delusions of reference, can cause patients to change their behavior significantly because of this mistaken belief. These two symptomsâ€"ideas of reference and delusions of referenceâ€"can affect people in very different ways. For example, a man might believe that secret messages about him are broadcast in a weekly television show, to the point where he records the programs and watches them again and again. Meanwhile, a woman might be convinced that all the notices posted on boards outside churches are aimed directly at her, which frightens her so much that she refuses to leave the house. Ideas of Reference vs. Delusions of Reference Some clinicians and researchers use the terms ideas of reference and delusions of reference interchangeably. Other sources differentiate between the two, saying that ideas of reference have less impact on the persons life as a whole. Whereas ideas of reference are real events that are internalized personally, delusions of reference are not based in reality. However, ideas of reference may act as a precursor to delusions of reference.   Many people will experience passing thoughts or ideas of reference. For example, you go to a party and just for a minute honestly believe everyone is whispering about you. This is within the scope of normal human behavior unless it happens to you constantly. Its when these thoughts cross the line outside of actual facts or events (when you believe people you dont even know are whispering about you, and you proceed to hide out at home because of this) that the thoughts turn into delusions. The 3 Criteria for Delusion Karl Jaspers, a German-Swiss psychiatrist, described the main criteria for a true delusion in a groundbreaking 1913 book, General Psychology??. They include: Certainty (the person is convinced the delusion is real).Incorrigibility (the person cannot be convinced otherwise or have the belief shaken in any way).Impossibility (the delusion is bizarre and not real at all). Some people have only occasional, random delusions of reference, while others have them all the time. If delusional thoughts occur for more than one month and they involve events that actually could happen (such as being followed, infected with a disease, or loved at a distance), delusional disorder is the diagnosis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMâ€"5) clarifies the criteria for delusional disorder, which may appear in people with Bipolar disorder. Specifically, the DSM-5 specifies that those with the disorder may have nonbizarre delusions, meaning what you’re imagining is happening could really happen (such as being followed).?? The key difference between delusions of reference and delusional disorder is delusions of reference are most definitely not real while the thoughts in delusional disorder could possibly be real (although theyre quite unlikely). Other Types of Delusions Bizarre delusions have no possibility or basis to happen in reality.Delusions of control mean that a patients thoughts, feelings, and actions are not his or her own, but instead originate from some external force or person.Depressive delusions are marked by a predominant depressive mood. These might include delusions involving a serious illness, poverty or spousal infidelity. Treatment Antipsychotic medications can help with delusions of reference, as can counseling and psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help people reframe their thoughts and explore logical explanations for their line of thinking. Find Help With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Art of the Freshman Essay Boring From Within

In a speech delivered half a century ago, English professor Wayne C. Booth described the characteristics of a formulaic essay assignment: I know of a high school English class in Indiana in which the students are explicitly told that their paper grades will not be affected by anything they say; required to write a paper a week, they are graded simply on the number of spelling and grammatical errors. What is more, they are given a standard form for their papers: each paper is to have three paragraphs, a beginning, a middle, and an end— or is it an introduction, a body, and a conclusion? The theory seems to be that if the student is not troubled about having to say anything, or about discovering a good way of saying it, he can then concentrate on the truly important matter of avoiding mistakes.(Wayne C. Booth, Boring From Within: The Art of the Freshman Essay. Speech to the Illinois Council of College Teachers of English, 1963) The inevitable result of such an assignment, he said, is a bag of wind or a bundle of received opinions. And the victim of the assignment is not only the class of students but the poor teacher who imposes it on them: I am haunted by the picture of that poor woman in Indiana, week after week reading batches of papers written by students who have been told that nothing they say can possibly affect her opinion of those papers. Could any hell imagined by Dante or Jean-Paul Sartre match this self-inflicted futility? Booth was quite aware that the hell he described was not confined to a single English class in Indiana. By 1963, formulaic writing (also called theme writing  and the five-paragraph essay) was well established as the norm in high school English classes and college composition programs throughout the U.S. Booth went on to propose three cures for those batches of boredom: efforts to give the students a sharper sense of writing to an audience, efforts to give them some substance to express, and efforts to improve their habits of observation and of approach to their task—what might be called improving their mental personalities. So, how far have we come over the past half century? Lets see. The formula now calls for five paragraphs rather than three, and most students are allowed to compose on computers. The concept of a three-pronged thesis statement - one in which each prong will then be further explored in one of the three body paragraphs - requires a slightly more sophisticated expression of substance. More significantly, research in composition has become a major academic industry, and the majority of instructors receive at least some training in the teaching of writing. But with larger classes, the inexorable rise of standardized testing, and the increasing reliance on part-time faculty, dont most of todays English instructors still feel compelled to privilege formulaic writing? While the basics of essay structure is, of course, a foundational skill that students must learn before expanding into larger essays, the hemming in of students to such formulas means that they fail to develop critical and creative thinking skills. Instead, students are taught to value form over function, or not to understand the link between form and function. There is a difference between teaching structure and teaching to a formula. Teaching structure in writing means teaching students how to craft a thesis statement and supporting arguments, why a topic sentence matters, and what a strong conclusion looks like. Teaching formula means teaching students that they must have a specific type of sentence or number of citations in a specific section, more of a paint-by-numbers approach. The former gives a foundation; the latter is something that has to be un-taught later on. Teaching to a formula may be easier in the short run, but it fails to educate students on how to truly write effectively, especially once they are asked to write a longer, more sophisticated essay than a five-paragraph high school essay question. The form of an essay is intended to serve the content. It makes arguments clear and concise, highlights the logical progression, and focuses the reader on what the main points are. Form is not formula, but it is often taught as such. The way out of this impasse, Booth said in 1963, would be for legislatures and school boards and college presidents to recognize the teaching of English for what it is: the most demanding of all teaching jobs, justifying the smallest sections and the lightest course loads. Were still waiting. More About Formulaic Writing EngfishThe Five-Paragraph EssayTheme WritingWhats Wrong With the Five-Paragraph Essay?

The And Of The Light Brigade By Alfred Lord Tennyson

Throughout history, authors have responded to historical events like the war through different genres of literature from novels to poems. In this paper; I will look at how Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, September 1st, 1939 by Wystan Hugh Auden and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson respond to various historical events. A comparison between these texts will show the many similarities and differences in how they respond to the theme of war. In addition to this, I will examine the literary techniques used to reveal the different aspect of war. Although these texts deal with different historical events of warfare, an analysis of them shows that they focus on various aspects of war, the aftermath, the apathy of society and the tragic heroism of soldiers. The theme of war is the critical issue for these authors even though they highlight different aspects of it from various historical events. Virginia Woolf focuses on the aftermath of the first World War in her novel titled Mrs. Dalloway whereas Auden concentrates on the apathy of the American people who does not want to get involved with the situation in Europe at the beginning of the second World War. Lord Tennyson, on the other hand, brings out the heroism of the British brigade of six hundred men that died on the battlefield during the Crimean War. The setting of the Mrs. Dalloway takes place in London on a single day in June of 1923, but the author uses flashbacks to reveal events of the past. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson553 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson The second poem I an going to analyse is The Charge Of The Light Brigade, it is about the Crimean War. It is a famous Regiment of 600 men. The poem was written by Alfred Lord Tennyson. The poem was based on a newspaper account describing a battle. The article glorified the slaughter of men. The commander didnt understand the orders given to him to replace some guns held by the Russians and heRead MoreAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of The Change of the Light Brigade1883 Words   |  7 PagesAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade,† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was one of the artists’ most famous poems because it memorialized a failed but valiant attack by the British cavalry during the Crimean war. The poem is an emotional tribute to bravery and gallantry in the face of devastation. It highlights the cavalry’s valor in courageously executing their orders, even despite being outnumbered and brutally defeated. ThroughoutRead MoreAnalysis of Lord Alfred Tennyson ´s The Charge of the Light Brigade561 Words   |  3 Pagesand well, into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of Hell.† That is an excerpt from Lord Alfred Tennysons Charge of the Light Brigade, a poem highlighting the honor and death of war. The poem was chosen for this close reading essay because it has always been a personal favorite. It talks of the real events of the Battle of Balaclava, yet speaks of the life all soldiers must live. The Charge of the Light Brigade is a fascinatin g poem, both in the way it is formed, to the details of why it was createdRead More To compare The Charge of the Light Brigade with The Destruction of665 Words   |  3 PagesTo compare The Charge of the Light Brigade with The Destruction of Sennacherib In this essay we are going to be comparing two war poems. They are ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) and ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’ by Lord Byron (1788-1824). ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ is set in the Crimean war. It is about the British cavalry getting the wrong orders and going straight at the enemy’s cannons. ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’ is a biblical Read MoreLord Tennyson Vs. Wilfred Owen Essay730 Words   |  3 Pagespoetry about war. Despite Charge of the Light Brigade by Lord Alfred Tennyson and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen were written in different centuries, they deal with the subject of war and describe the ups and downs of it. On one hand, Alfred Tennyson heard of the charge made by the light brigade and it was when he wrote his poem with no experience of the event. However, Wilfred Owen actually fought in the First World War, and wrote, unlike Lord Tennyson, from his own experience. AlthoughRead MoreConcerning His Poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’S Work Relies1003 Words   |  5 PagesConcerning his poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’s work relies on an extensive thematic scheme. In Tennyson’s poem, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†, a number of themes are present including heroism, honor, patriotism, and loyalty. Put together, Tennyson tells the story of a cavalry brigade facing their destiny head on. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† tells the story of a cavalry battle that took place during the Crimean War. The poem begins by throwing the audience directlyRead MoreThe Charge of the Light Brigade600 Words   |  3 Pages The poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† by Alfred Lord Tennyson is about a battle in which a commander commits a faux pas and orders his men to move forward with an defensive strategy that would result with their imminent death. As the poem goes on it tells us that we should honor these men because although they knew their leader had made a life altering decision, they carried through with it due to the fact that he was their leader. Tennyson uses personification, metaphor, imagery, symbolismRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. W hat images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MoreThe Heroism Of The Men1328 Words   |  6 Pagesaftermath are never pretty unless penned by authors who never step into a battlefield. Lives are lost, our fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters have all sacrificed for their causes. Lord Alfred Tennyson romanticized the of notion war and of the battle that was fought on the battlefield in his poem The Charge of the Light Brigade, subsequently, the intent of battle was for the glory of a cause or nation and to remember the bravery of those who fought. On the other, hand Wilfred Owen s poem Dulce et DecorumRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesfacts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was written to memorialise the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war (1854 - 56) he wrote it ten years

Guitars the History, Types, and Influence Free Essays

Ariana Kecskes Mrs. Densmore English 9/10 March 11, 2013 Guitars Guitars have been around since the Renaissance. In the late 1400’s, the classical guitar was created. We will write a custom essay sample on Guitars: the History, Types, and Influence or any similar topic only for you Order Now This instrument was known as an â€Å"outcast†, never being played in concerts. Later on, the Spanish guitar was created; the early versions of this were known to have a unique sting layout because they had four sets of two strings. In the 1500’s a fifth set of strings were added to this guitar. Well into the 1500’s, the guitar began to be played in performances. This made guitars more famous, and caused better and improved designs to be made. Many people began to play the guitar, including Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Jackson. Finally, in the 1850’s the modern design for an acoustic guitar was made by C. F. Martin. In the 1800’s, many modern design of guitars evolved from the Italian and French models. People invented new techniques of playing the guitar including, playing and tuning all at once. In the late 1800’s, Orville Gibson began building arch top guitars. Over 78 thousand guitars were made in the year, 1900. The 20th century was a very prosperous time for the guitar. Manufacturers began making steel-stringed guitars which are popular today. In 1931, the first electric guitar was created; they called it â€Å"The Frying Pan†, due to its round shape. However, electric guitars were not popular until 1936, when Gibson made a famous electric model, the ES-150. Later on, guitar crafters made the â€Å"Solid Body Guitar†, because of bad reports on their previous models. Fender created â€Å"The Broadcaster† in 1949, which was the first largely produced guitar. In 1952, Gibson created the popular â€Å"Les Paul†. Fender and Gibson both went on creating guitars almost as in a competition. By the 1960’s, the guitar was fully matured. Gibson produced another electric guitar model in 1961, the ES-335. This was a semi-hollow body guitar.. The Strat and the SG were very popular guitars, especially in the 1960’s. How to cite Guitars: the History, Types, and Influence, Papers

The Organization and Situation Analysis Samples for Students.

Question: The Management Skills to Extract Relevant Details When Conducting Strategic Analysis ? Answer : Introduction The meeting with CEO of Cocoa Delights has provided some valuable insights about the present state of affairs in light of which the marketing initiatives of the organisation, both present and future, have been analysed and evaluated. Upon analysis, few suggestions have been provided. Present state of the organisation and situation analysis Cocoa Delights is in the business of manufacturing and marketing gourmet dark chocolates having a chain of 15 stores in the city of Melbourne, Australia, and specialises in manufacturing products from handmade dark chocolate. Mission, Purpose, Vision and Values Vision: Manufacture and market gourmet dark chocolates through a chain of 15 stores Melbourne and specialise in handmade dark chocolate products. Mission: To become the national retail brand satisfying customers with an array of unique, superior quality dark chocolates through expansion of retail chain across the country along with providing excellent customer service. Values: The mission is guided by following major values Maintain exceptionally high quality of products Emphasis on superior quality of customer service Enhance customer satisfaction through quality and uniqueness of products Strong on research, development, innovation and creativity for bringing in unique products Committed towards employee growth and development through encouragement of self-directed teams, promoting leadership, and providing a safe work environment. Promotion of stakeholders values through adherence to professional and ethical standards of conduct. Purpose: Maximise stakeholders value by becoming a nation-wide reputed retail brand in the chocolate manufacturing industry along with offering significant value to the customers by encouraging maintainable environmental practices. Strategic Direction and Objective Strategic Direction Become a national brand Expand and strengthen retail foothold Gain excellence in customer service Objective: The objective of the Company is To become a national retail brand, from a regional brand, presenting a range of exceptional, superior quality dark chocolate for its customers over the next 5 years. To expand its retail chain by increasing the number of retail stores in Melbourne to 22 and establishing 100 stores across Australia by 2016. To provide incomparable customer service from the highly skilled and dedicated staff. Higher revenue generation and expansion of profit margin to enhance stakeholders value Environment Analysis It is necessary to understand both internal and external environment of the Company before evaluating its marketing strategies. PESTLE Analysis Political: Imposition of taxes are decided by the contemporary government. The relative stability of the Government imparts stability to the business environment. Imposition of import duty on chocolates imposes cost on all those industry players who have their manufacturing plants located outside Australia. Presently rate is 5% (Pitney Bowes, 2017). GST is levied at 10% (Sivasailam, 2010). Chocolate and confectionery manufacturers continue to draw advantages from the politicization efforts and public relations initiatives undertaken by apex industry organisations such as Confectionery Manufacturers of Australasia (CMA)(Sivasailam, 2010). Economic: Economic factors which normally influence businesses include level of employment, confidence of the consumers, prevalent of interest and the existing levels of inflation (Sadhye, 2014). Economic recession, declining disposable incomes of the masses, volatility in commodity prices and rising import competition all have the potential to adversely impact the industry which had remain resilient to these challenges (Sivasailam, 2010). Social: Increasing instances of obesity, diabetes especially among children and young adults (PESTLEANALYSIS CONTRIBUTOR, 2014) had impacted demand for chocolates adversely all-round the globe and Australia has been no exception Technological: Technological factors consisting of technical aspects such as Research Developmental activities, automation of production methodologies, new production methodologies, knowledge incentives and the rate of change in technology (Sadhye, 2014). The industry has benefitted from rationalisation and improved technology in terms of higher productivity (Sivasailam, 2010). Legal: Perception of the Australian regulatory requirements are the key to successfully running any business within the country. These guidelines are designed in a manner that guarantees fair competition, adequate fortification for the related parties, and veracity of the market. Business laws in Australia are simple and flexible thereby making the exercise of starting a business in the country simple and easy for all (Sadhye, 2014). Prohibitions related to shipping, food safety standards and norms, limitations regarding packaging of products or special packaging norms are likely to apply to articles that have to be kept in a temperature controlled location and hence affect the industry (Pitney Bowes, 2017). Environmental: Regulations related to dumping and disposal of waste products have a bearing on the manufacturing techniques that are adopted by the industry. Growing environmental concerns have also been the reason behind innovation in packaging material. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyers is pretty strong owing to the availability of wide array of products from regional, national and international players leading to low levels of consumer loyalty Bargaining power of sellers: Significantly low due to presence of large number of players both local and international and low brand loyalty of customers due to insignificant switching costs (koujok, 2013). Threat of new entry: Moderate due to high initial capital requirement, strong governmental regulations pertaining to the food industry, requirement of special expertise and knowledge for offering wide range of products (koujok, 2013). Threat of Substitutes: Growing due to increasing health consciousness among the consumers preferring healthier alternatives such as fruits (IBISWorld, 2016). Rivalry among existing players: High due to price wards, advertising campaigns, quality and range of products and high costs of storage (koujok, 2013). Legal Ethical Requirements The discussion with the CEO revealed that the government intends to have the country of manufacture visibly mentioned on imported products. A practice that has been long followed by Cocoa Delights as is proudly presents itself as all Australian made contrary to the practices followed by some of its competitors who continue selling their chocolate products which have been imported from countries that have poor reputation as far as quality and employment ethics are concerned. The Company is legally and ethically bound to provide and health and safe working environment to its employees, provide superior quality of products following food safety and security regulations and maintain high quality of inputs and high quality and hygienic manufacturing conditions. Impact of the organisational strategic direction on current marketing activities The Company will concentrate on gaining national presence through expansion of its retail chain by scaling up of the number of Cocoa Delights stores across the country starting with Melbourne and it is undertaking nation-wide advertisement campaign for which it will employ larger advertising agencies that have a wide national reach. Cocoa Delights is an already established brand in Melbourne. It will be foraying into capital cities across the nation and for that an aggressive campaign and strong PR initiatives are absolutely imperative. The Company is aware of the socio-economic environment and it is making all efforts at strengthening its advertising campaign and PR initiatives to establish itself as a popular brand in gourmet chocolate. It has spent heavily on radio advertising, magazine and direct advertising campaigns. The broadband rollout would be a part of Cocoa Delights internet marketing strategy. SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is used quite frequently as a strategic means to permit an exhibition of the organisational resources and competences, which have the possibility of further development for enhancing the companys competitive advantage. A SWOT analysis consequently reinforces the development of forthcoming strategic opportunities (Metzger, 2014). Positives Negatives Internal Factors Strengths 1. Strong regional presence 2. High customer loyalty 3. Creativity and innovation in product offering 4. Committed to sustainable environmental practices 5. Completely indigenously manufactured with no imported inputs 6. Sourcing finest cocoa beans at highly competitive prices provides input cost advantages and generates superior customer value Weaknesses 1. Predominantly regional brand 2. Stores having high electricity usage which is not encouraged by the new government regulations External Factors Opportunities 1. Australian chocolate and confectionery industry is expected to grow by 2.2% in 2011-12 and continue to grow steadily over the next 5 years (Culliney, 2012). 2. Increasing popularity and consumption of premium quality of dark chocolates due to apparent health benefits (Euromonitor International, 2016). 3. New Government regulation mandating clear mentioning of the country of manufacture on imported products. 4. Higher spending capacity of new and younger generation can have a positive effect on demand for an array of products (K?z?l, et al., 2013) Threats 1. Rising consumers apprehensions about the quantity of fat and sugar in diets have resulted in debilitated demand for chocolates (IBISWorld, 2016) 2. Environment sustainability emphasised by government has heightened need for environment friendly manufacturing practices, bio-degradable packaging, responsible waste management etc increasing costs and difficulties 3. Buyers power is high owing to availability of large number of regional, national and international brands leading to low customer loyalty. 4. Rising price of inputs fuelled by volatile commodity prices (Culliney, 2012) which adversely impacts the companys ability to withstand costs especially with respect to greater commitment to environmental and social responsibilities such as CSR initiatives, in addition to maintaining profit targets. Performance against established objectives The Company has been able to meet its store growth and sales growth targets. However, the gross profit margins are yet to reach the target and presently remain at 46% which is quite low compared to the upper limit for gourmet chocolate and hot beverages, which the Company envisages would be at a typical gross profit of 63%. The Company has also been successful in establishing its brand as 58% of people covered by the target market can easily are aware of and familiar with the Cocoa Delights brand and the products represented by it. Critical success factors The major contributors to success would be Sales Expansion Loyal and strong customer base Cost Effectiveness of advertising and PR initiatives Lessons learned The radio advertising although successful at expanding sales entailed huge costs as the project was unplanned. Such unplanned expenses can create pressure on the profit margins. It is necessary to make provision of certain unplanned expenses so that at least part of it can be covered though prior allocation of fund which will ensure the Company does not have to incur loans to cover these costs which will generate additional interest burden thereby pulling down the profit. Recommendations The Company should try and roll out its internet based advertising campaign as early as possible since it will have widest nationwide reach. The Company should actively pursue digital marketing to achieve its objective of nation-wide promotion campaign. It is also advisable to plan in advance. Unplanned expenses of small amount can happen occasionally. But large unplanned expenses could result in cashflow problem for the company. The Company should try to develop products in the low-priced mass consumption segment as unemployment is on the rise indicating a declining purchasing power. Premium segment might suffer. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that Cocoa Delights existing marketing initiatives have been in line with the Companys declared objectives but it has not been able to meet all its targets. Judicious planning and aggressive PR and advertising initiatives especially through digital marketing using the internet will yield the desired result mush faster than other routes. References Culliney, K., 2012. Tasty innovation ensures resilience in cash-strapped, health-conscious Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.confectionerynews.com/Markets/Tasty-innovation-ensures-resilience-in-cash-strapped-health-conscious-Australia [Accessed 29 April 2017]. Euromonitor International, 2016. Chocolate Confectionery in Australia, s.l.: Euromonitor International. IBISWorld, 2016. Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/manufacturing/food-product/chocolate-confectionery-manufacturing.html [Accessed 29 April 2017]. K?z?l, D. C., Eddy, V., Clary, L. Crowell, K., 2013. Hersheys Entry to the Australian Market with a New Brand: An Accounting and Marketing Perspective. Emerging Markets Journal, 3(2), pp. 96-126. koujok, A., 2013. Chocolate industry porter 5 forces. [Online] Available at: https://prezi.com/z-z8ltl86ual/chocolate-industry-porter-5-forces/ [Accessed 29 April 2017]. Metzger, K., 2014. Business analysis of UK supermarket industry.. 23 MArch. PESTLEANALYSIS CONTRIBUTOR, 2014. PEST ANALYSIS OF CADBURY. [Online] Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/pest-analysis-cadbury/ [Accessed 28 April 2017]. Pitney Bowes, 2017. Import duty taxes for Chocolate - other. 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