Multiyear Plans and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multiyear Plans and Analysis - Essay Example We analyze data as revealed by the City of Charlottesville 2009, 2010 Financial Ratios and also carry out ratio analysis that helps us discover more information about the business (Gibson, 2012). We compare the City of Charlottesville’s 2009 and 2010 performance using relevant ratios. Liquidity measures, or short-term solvency measures -measure the ability of the city to meet its short-term debt obligations. These ratios majorly focus on current assets and current liabilities (Denise, 2013). The current ratio shows how many times the current liabilities are included with the current assets. Higher ratios are recommended. The city retained its current rate for the two years under study. The ratios are above one which is a good indication of the city’s ability to pay its short-term obligation. The working capital is the difference between a company’s current assets and its current liabilities. A higher amount is required as it shows the excess of assets after accounting for all liabilities. The city’s performance in 2010 is hence more preferred as compared to that of 2009. Long term solvency measures the city’s ability to meet its long-term debt obligations. Debt ratio indicates the ratio of total liabilities to total assets. A lower percentage is more preferred (Denise, 2013). In 2009, 39% of every dollar of the city’s asset was debt while the ratio was 38% in 2010. 2010 is hence more preferable to 2009. The profit margin indicates that the city is not generating income. Its expenditure is higher than its income. From a dollar in revenue the city is making 11 cents loss. The city’s management is hence not useful in converting the available assets into sales. They should hence come up with new policies of raising revenue that will help the adequately meet their expenses. Days payable ratio are the number of days it takes a city to pay their creditors. The longer the period, the better

Role Play (Marketing Behavior Class) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role Play (Marketing Behavior Class) - Essay Example The ideal is to remain with the same company until retirement around age sixty† (Countries: Employment, 2011, par. 1). The leather shoes for men will be durable yet affordable shoes for working and professional men; however it will have the comfort of a sneaker. I plan to conduct a venture between the athletic shoe manufacturer Nike and the designer shoe company Salvatore Feragammo. Feragammo will be the primary manufacturer; however Nike will contribute when developing the shoe and will be used for various purposes. Some of the material used will be the same that Nike uses in the production of their athletic shoes. The retail price will be about $400 (U.S.) obviously, the target market will be a men, aged 24-49 years old with a high disposable income. I selected this as a product to market to the Japanese because the subculture of Asians is more likely to be affluent (Lindquist & Sirgy, 2003).

Understanding The Concepts Of Acculturation

Understanding The Concepts Of Acculturation It is very important to understand the concepts of cultural change before discussing acculturation. A bilinear model regarding the adaption to a new culture is proposed by John Berry and his colleagues . These authors theorized the following four acculturation attitudes: integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization based on combining either high or low levels of acculturation and enculturation: (see Figure 3.1). The meaning of these four different attitudes is explained. As John Berry claims, integration involves immigrants accepting the new culture, while maintaining close ties with their original culture. These immigrants learn and follow local customs without losing their bond with their customs from their homeland. They are both highly acculturated and enculturated as shown in the diagram below . Assimilation, on the other hand, involves immigrants who totally accept the new culture, and reject their original culture. These immigrants will learn the language and follow local customs so thoroughly that no trace of their original heritage remains. People become assimilated in American society when they erased their cultural identity, unlearned their ethnic cultural practices and beliefs, and accepted the core values of mainstream American culture . Separation occurs when immigrants reject their new culture and live according to the customs of their original culture. These immigrants move to a new culture and find people from their homeland, and live as if they are still in their original culture, only in a different place . Marginalization represents immigrants who reject the new as well as their original culture. These immigrants no longer feel comfortable with their heritage, but the new culture does not appeal to them either . According to Berry, the attitude affects the process of acculturation. For example, as immigrants prepare to go to the U.S., they may have decided to assimilate into the culture. However, upon arrival they discover that they reject some customs of their new country. As a result they change their attitude from assimilation to integration. Thus, the attitude changes according to the various traits of the immigrants. Portes and Rumbaut argue for three major factors that can impact and change the attitude of immigrants. According to Portes and Rumbaut three factors are vital to understanding the acculturation trajectories of contemporary migrants. The first factor is their educational background, fluency in the English language, and economic and class status in their homeland. The second factor refers to the social policies of the host government and the historical and contemporary perceptions and attitudes of the mainstream society toward a particular immigrant group. The third factor is the immigrants social presence and networks and their family structure. The educational background of the immigrant groups and their social class back home are the social and cultural capital that they bring with them, which has an enormous impact on their economic assimilation. Although all three factors help determine how immigrants will acculturate into the larger mainstream American society, the second factor is the most relevant to shaping the acculturation outcomes of many nonwhite immigrants, especially of t hose immigrant groups who have little social and cultural capital and are not white. Even though the Indian Diaspora is racially distinct from the larger American mainstream, professional Indian Americans have an abundance of human-cultural capital acquired through their advanced education, knowledge of the English language, and social class in their home country. The low political profile of the Indian Diaspora also gives them a degree of invisibility that shields them from the scrutiny of the larger mainstream culture . The three major factors of acculturation presented by Portes and Rumbaut naturally change the course of the process for many immigrants. For example, an immigrant with poor English skills, who is determined to assimilate, may find it impossible because of the language barrier and decide instead to integrate into or even separate from the host culture. Bhatias work illustrates the process of how these factors affect Indian immigrants as they adapt to their new culture. Indians after immigrating to America, inevitably undergo some type of adjustment or acculturation process. Though inside the home Indian immigrants could maintain their culture, once outside the home, the system or society itself forced Indians into the acculturation process on all levels of culture. It is necessary to understand how immigrants acculturate in the U.S. As Waters and Bhatia suggest, unlike many Caribbean immigrants, most Indian professionals are middle class, live in suburban America, and are not subject to the structural inequalities of low wages, racism, and violent neighborhoods . However, there are some parallels in how both these groups of migrants come to terms with their racial and ethnic identity. On one hand, the Indian migrants are very proud of their Indian ethnicity and heritage. On the other hand, they invoke what Bhatia calls the discourse of sameness [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and universal humanity to distance themselves from their racial and ethnic identity . I n other words, they realize that certain costs associated with being Indian are painful and hurtful and that invoking the discourse of sameness is meant to establish equivalence with the white majority. For example, Indian immigrants compare their experiences in the work place with those experiences of white Americans in an attempt to show equality with the majority. In one of Bhatias interviews an immigrant credits his own hard work and accomplishments for his position in the company, while: If I was a white American male, you know, maybe there would be prejudice because Im too short. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] So being an Indian, I dont think it put me at a different spot. Or at least, thats how I feel . Sunil Bhatias study demonstrates that the members of the transnational Indian Diaspora are more comfortable with a cultural identity than a racial identity because their insertion in the transnational Diaspora has transformed them from being Indian to being people of color . The research illustrates the complicated nature of the acculturation of Indian immigrants. As demonstrated above, the attitude of the immigrants toward their new host country is only a starting point for the process. As these immigrants experience their new culture, their own personal background reshapes their attitude, and changes the way they interact with people, regardless of nationality. Clearly Indian immigrants move through a process as they acculturate to their new surroundings. While Berry, Portes and Rumbaut and Bahtia all approach the subject from different directions and perspectives, and though they may not agree with one another, it is clear that each body of research illustrates a complicated process of acculturation. Taken individually the research results may appear to be contradictory, however, a closer analysis shows that their research actually supports one another. The attitude of the immigrants, studied by Berry, plays a major role in the process, but these attitudes may change in response to the three major factors affecting acculturation presented by Portes and Rumbaut. This ever changing process has been documented in Bhatias work, which demonstrates that immigrants adapt individually to their new culture, in this case the United States. That means there is no set formula for determining what will happen to an immigrant once he or she arrives. This process takes place within any immigrant to any country, therefore it will be beneficial to de monstrate specifically some of the elements unique to Indian immigrants, and how these elements influence the process. 3.2 Influencing Elements of Acculturation 3.2.1 Family Perhaps the most important element to consider for Indian immigrants is family. As these Indian immigrants relocate to the U.S., start a family and begin the process of finding their place in society, it is important to understand the processes which influence the impact of acculturation on their families. To first-generation Indian immigrants and their children, family plays a vital role in their lives. Hodge agrees with this assessment, and points out the stark difference between Indian culture and western culture. Western culture emphasizes the individual, material success and secularism. The Indian culture, by contrast, places much more value on community, especially the family, and on spiritual matters . Acculturation plays an important role in understanding about the family structure, including family conflict as well as differences between first and second-generations. For example, the process and outcomes of acculturation determine which values are important to the first-generation and therefore retained and passed on to the succeeding generations. In addition, the process of acculturation might also determine expectations for subsequent generations. For example an assimilated individual would expect the same from his or her children. Most of the work reviewed on acculturation includes some variables related to the family structure, including family conflict, specifically intergenerational family conflict. Some scholars dedicated their studies to South Asian families. Among them, for example, Mathews provided a more general consideration of South Asian families to explain how they function. First, she explains the relationship of the family in a social order, where the father is usually considered the head of the family, which continues to be the traditional way of Indian families in America. Furthermore, she describes the role of both father and mother in the family, in which the mother usually takes care of the household and raises the children and the father usually serves as decision maker and provider . Bringing up the children in a new and different culture, which often conflicts with their core ethnic values, creates problems for not only the parents but also for their children. As values may be extracted from both the native culture and host culture, it is inevitable that conflicts arise. Thus, in this case both parents and children struggle to balance family values of their own culture with the family values of the mainstream culture. In addition, according to the traditional Indian family, the eldest person is considered to be a decision maker such as career decisions for family members or approving marriages. This naturally means parents, especially in the first-generation, make the important decisions . Clearly the attitude of immigrants from India to the U.S. will be greatly influenced by the strength of their bond to their traditional family values. This attitude will steer them through their acculturation process. 3.2.2 Dress According to Khandelwal, Indian American immigrants have a mixed type of acculturation regarding dress. It is quite different for men as compared to women. In the case of men, they adopted western dress more easily than women due to the influence of colonialism. Indian American men started wearing a western style of dress even from the first-generation. However, most of these first-generation Indian immigrants do not have a correct idea of the weather and climate system of the U.S. For example, an Indian man, who came to America in the winter of 1994, was wearing a light silk suit and shivering outside. One old man saw him and told him: Son, this is not the time to show off your new silk suit. I told you how it is going to be cold here today. If you catch a cold or become sick, nobody will take care of you in this country. Here you have to take care of yourself. All the money your family spent on making this suit for America will go down drain in one doctors visit here. There will be other occasions when you can use this suit! . Indian women immigrants are recognized mainly by their traditional dress called sari. Accordingly many female Indian immigrants try to preserve their culture by continuing to wear this kind of traditional dress. Saris are considered works of art due to the careful design and color combinations. However, in the workplace they alternatively wear western style clothing. An Indian woman who immigrated to America during the 1990s was forced to wear Western dress due to her job requirements as a cashier in a store. She said the following: See, I have to wear these mens clothes here. Its ok because I am doing mens job here. Our clothes do not fit in this American culture. To feel Indian, we can wear our own clothes when we are not on the job Before coming to America, she had never worked outside of her house and wore only traditional clothing. However, she adapted to the Western dress because American culture forced her to do so . Khandelwal continues to suggest that US born immigrant children are unlikely to continue wearing traditional dress. For example, young female immigrants in America prefer having readily made kurta-pyjama outfits to the saris, because they do not know how to wear these saris . At the same time, weddings among Indian Americans still continue to be traditional, in which the couple wears traditional dresses either bought in America or brought from India during a visit to the home country. However, due to some specific reasons, some of the Indian American immigrants and their children mostly use western styles only. For example, Nikki Haley, a daughter of Sikh Indian immigrants and one of the current rising stars in the Republican Party, wears mostly a suit, rejecting the sari in order to gain greater public acceptance while running for governor of South Carolina in November 2010 . There is a significant difference in clothing style between India and the U.S. Immigrants who desire to retain their cultural style of dress will have different experiences with acculturation than those who are willing to accept western standards. This plays a bigger role in the lives of women immigrants than for men. 3.2.3 Religion Religion plays a major role in the life style of Asian Indian Americans. Religious beliefs and practices are intricately interwoven with the aspects of acculturation and cultural identity of these immigrants. So it is important to understand the influence of religion on the acculturation of Asian Indian immigrants. India is a country of diverse religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Buddhism. Among these religions, 82.6 % of Indians practice the Hindu religion which makes up a clear majority of the population, while the remaining 17.4% of the population practices Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Judaism and Parsis . These percentages reflect the population of India; however, Pakistan and Bangladesh have larger percentages of population which practice Islam. The existence of many religions in India indicates that religion plays a major role for Indian people. Thus, most of the Indian people have one religious belief, whether it is Hindu, Islam, Christianity, etc. Each immigrant community brought its own sociological traditions from its place of origin, including ethical and religious behaviors. In the same way when Indians first started to migrate to the United States, they essentially had to carry out religious practices and teachings on their own . As the population of immigrants practicing Hinduism increased, so increased the number of religious organizations. With the development of a greater Hindu population practicing religion at home and in specific religious organizations became the norm. Leonard also noted that as the number of Indian immigrants has increased, religion has naturally become more important, as it has become a part of Indian American identity. Hinduism helps Indian Americans differentiate themselves in the United States, from mainstream U.S. culture as well as from other Asian and South Asian groups . Like earlier immigrants, the post-1965 Indian immigrants maintained their belief system, which provided an important way to keep and transmit their values to following generations . Most of the Indian immigrants in America can practice their religion. As an Indian immigrant Rupu notes: I think thats what it is about America. Thats what brought everybody here. Its that being American you can be who you want to be and still be an American. Theres a freedom of religion, a freedom of expression . In America, the practice of Hinduism reflects its American surroundings. For instance, most related religious activities take place on weekends in order to suit work schedules and priests explain sacred texts in English, rather than Hindi or Sanskrit . Asian American immigrants faced lot of challenges due to strong religious beliefs which influenced their acculturation. For example, their religious beliefs may be challenged or even given up as they are exposed to the religious beliefs, practices, symbols, and rhetoric of the mainstream culture. For Asian American immigrants who are faced with prejudice, racism, and discrimination, religious conversion may provide a sense of refuge and facilitate processes of assimilation and acculturation, which may explain why the majority of Asian Americans in the United States identify themselves as Christian . But one should not assume that Asian American immigrants adopt Christianity merely as a way to be accepted by the majority culture. Indeed, for some Asian American immigrants, Christianity is their religion of choice. However, it is different in the case of immigrants from India. As Khandelwal claims, unlike other Asian immigrants, Indians who are mostly from Hindu religion, have displayed little questioning of their faiths and they are unlikely to convert to another religion. Moreover, Hinduism, the dominant religion in India, faces the challenge of being a minority religion in America, where Christianity is dominant . These immigrants will therefore face the challenge of maintaining their belief system in the minority, which is opposite from their homeland. This in turn, will affect their acculturation process greatly as they struggle with their religious views. Clearly religion plays a major role in the process of adapting to a new culture. Religion is especially important for Asian Indian immigrants, who already place a high value on their own belief system. Whether holding fast to their own religion, or converting to some other religion, these immigrants will practice some kind of religion after their arrival in the U.S. 3.2.4 Food Indians who have a vast variety of food habits have a hard time adapting easily to Western food. One of the major causes for this lies in the great number of religions practiced by Indian immigrants. As a result of religious food laws many of Indias people do not consume animal products, which include eggs. The work of Bankston and Hidalgo shows that Indian immigrants are highly unwilling to change their food consumption habits. For example, most Indian Hindus avoid beef and pork, while Pakistanis avoid pork and alcoholic beverages. Most Indians prefer meals from their own culture. However, in households with children, American style meals have become more frequent . Indians have preferred home-cooked meals for a long time, and it has been a part of their culture. They believe that eating at home together with all members of their family is an important ritual for bonding with each other. Many Indian Americans continue to preserve their traditional food habits in America. However, most of the Indians are also adapting to Western food. One example is that pizza is the next alternative food in popularity when compared to their native foods, as well as a timesaver when cooking at home. Indian parents in America expect their children to appreciate home-cooked food more than meals eaten outside the home, although sometimes US born children have a hard time understanding why they need to eat homemade food . Some Indians run Indian restaurants, where they serve national food for not only Indians but also other Americans. As Indian food is mainly spicy, the waiters ask American customers if they prefer their food mild, medium or spicy. One owner of an Indian restaurant had the following to say: I have seen situations where Indian food can send them sweating all over [running to decrease their spiciness by drinking more water or juices] that is not good for our business, so we try to accommodate them . For many Indian immigrants food plays a major role in the acculturation process. While religion prohibits complete adaptation to American food, traditional spices and preparation of Indian cuisine varies greatly from that of Western cuisine. This also plays a role in preventing some Indians from accepting the new style of food. Naturally everyone must eat, therefore food plays a major role in the acculturation process. 3.2.5 Marriage Customs According to Indian tradition, Indians get married based on an arranged marriage usually within their own community. This tradition has been preserved from generation to generation. The selection of a marriage partner depends on a set of persons recommended by the partners families (with the full approval and consent of the parents). Family or community members continue to be involved in the selection of a suitable mate. The family and educational backgrounds of the potential partner are thoroughly examined before introductions are made. Indians believe that their children will be happier if they are married to someone who shares the same history, tradition, religion, and social customs and who will be able to impart these values to their children, thus ensuring the continuity of the community. They believe that such marriages made within the community tend to be more stable and long lasting than those that cross community borders . In fact, many American born Asian Indians encounter tremendous obstacles in dating and marriage. On the one hand, their parents warn them not to date until they marry and expect that the children get married according to an arranged marriage which is a custom brought over from India . Indian parents believe that sexual contact before the marriage is immoral and corrupt. On the other hand, the American born children have friends for whom dating is very common and normal. These immigrants desire to fit in the environment in which they find themselves. Accordingly there have been many cases where some Indian lovers are secretly married, and in the worst case, some couples have committed suicide as of result of their relationship being rejected by family. However, some Asian Indian American men and women still prefer to return to their homelands for arranged marriages. In these cases, family members at home seek out appropriate possibilities for marriage to their son or daughter. At the right time, the son or daughter returns home to choose from the candidates assembled by their family . Even the other religion practiced by these immigrants plays a role in the process of acculturation. For example Muslim parents usually accept interfaith marriages for boys, because children customarily follow the fathers faith. However, daughters face a greater challenge because parents do not want their grandchildren to lose their Islamic affiliation . Some Indians came after their marriage in India, whereas some came as students. Most of the students have returned to India for getting married. There are also a few instances where an Indian married an American because of the relationship between the countries and individuals. Other Indians have dated Americans. However, the fact is that dating is not a traditional Indian custom and Indian parents tend to warn their children not to date, although they are slowly yielding to their offsprings demands to be allowed to date . The situation of arranged marriages in India is changing too. As second-generation immigrants Sanjay and Veera observed that: Even in India you see people pushing back and becoming more Westernized, more mainstream. Ive seen my cousins, and [by, #184] leaps and bounds, theyve gone past what is traditional. [Indian American young adults] dont drink and smoke and have lived a sheltered life. Theyve always lived at home and havent gone out much. My cousins in India are more advanced. A lot of my cousins married their boyfriends . Customs surrounding marriage can have a major impact on the acculturation process. Especially for those coming from India, where marriages are still arranged by family, the concept of dating before marriage creates an obstacle for many parents and their children. While customs among Indian immigrants are changing, allowing for young people to find their own spouse, many first-generation immigrants have a hard time letting go of old habits. For these families the acculturation process will be influenced by the marriage customs of the U.S. 3.2.6 Language Different languages are spoken in India depending on different regions. Some languages are quite independent and difficult to understand by the neighboring people who speak a different language. In spite of these language differences, most people are able to speak Hindi due to its status as a national language and English due to British colonial rule for two centuries in India. The Indian government recognized the English language as an additional official language. Language is one of the main norms that brings people together and helps them to adapt to the U.S. Proficient English knowledge is one of the reasons Indians migrate to America, and it also helps them to assimilate more easily into life in America . After 1965 most of the Indians arrived in America from different language groups. However, they all knew English. Most immigrants join Indian communities, where they can practice not only Hindi but also their regional language. As Khandelwal claims, first and second-generation immigrants practice different uses of language in America. As for the first-generation, they tend to speak English and at the same time they tend to maintain their native language. However, first-generation immigrants face linguistic problems to speak American English due to their thick Indian accent. The second-generation immigrants who are already born and brought up in the US are usually thought to speak English with an American accent and rejected their parents Indian accent, in turn; their parents considered their childrens English as too American. These second-generation Indian immigrants are involved with Indian languages through movies, songs or when they visit India. Though they understand their parents language, most of them are not able to speak or to write it . According to Khandelwal, the first-generation immigrants tend to be more integrated speaking both English and their mother tongue, whereas the second-generation grows up speaking English as a mother tongue and learn their parents language only to satisfy their parents wishes. Obviously, language plays an important role in the acculturation process for Indian immigrants. While many immigrants have already learned English before they arrived, their English proficiency affects their ability to assimilate into the new culture.

We Wear the Mask Essay -- Literary Analysis, Paul Laurence Dunbar

William Shakespeare once proclaimed that â€Å"the past is prologue.† Are we really bound by history? Is our present a mere continuation, a monomorphic continuation if you will, of the novel that is our existence, or can it be developed in a bifurcated fashion? Paul Lawrence Dunbar, prominently noted as the "Poet Laureate of the Negro Race" (p 905) is a prime example of how the past can be depicted in a multifold manner. His two works " We Wear the Mask" and "An Ante-Bellum Sermon" illustrate the double-consciousness that Dunbar was most notorious for. It must be noted, however, that these two works, despite differing in forms of dialect, are conflations of one source, through an intrinsic connection. One will evidently see both the apparent polarity and hidden exemplification associated with the implementation of duality within the aforementioned poems. Dunbar's ability to conflate the standard English verse and the "Negro" dialect not only enables him to illustrate yeste rday's hardships but also tomorrow's promises, in which each poem in itself epitomizes the properties of bifurcation through juxtaposition and exemplification. To exemplify, Dunbar's poem "We Wear the Mask" utilizes the standard English verse to shed light on the hidden "tears and sighs" (p 918,1) of African Americans, particularly slaves. As one maneuvers through the poem, he/she will notice a transition of thought, not necessarily of time. In other words, the time frame does not shift throughout the poem. The past is not a date or a mark on a timeline, it is the previously held belief of the speaker. What shifts is the speaker's perspective of the mask. He transitions from mourning the conditions of those wearing it(past view), to perhaps noting its benefits( ... ...s. We have seen, through the two works analyzed above, how the incorporation and recognition of the past[both in terms of time(Biblical and Antebellum) and thought] depicted a metamorphosis within the "Negro" slave and his ability to transcend this institution of imprisonment. Du Bois, who coined the term double-consciousness, used it to label persons whose identities were multifaceted in nature. Of course we see Dunbar's use of two forms of verse as fitting pieces to the puzzle that is double-consciousness, but, we have yet to realize that we have not found all the pieces. The other pieces lie in the speakers within each poem, as exemplified in this essay. The transformation of perception, initiated and propelled by the acknowledgement of the past(in multiple forms), can certainly be at the crux of the double-consciousness that defines Paul Laurence Dunbar.

Assiya Dair Assignment

When will ever get a good quality rest? This is a typical day in the life Of a student athlete, faced with several struggles during his or her time in college. The university exploits student athletes, because it makes a great amount of revenue on students athletes, restricts them to earn their own money and puts their health at risk. First reason why many universities exploit their student athletes is because considering fact that they make a substantial profit on them. College athletics is a big business across the United States in many universities, the most profitable being football, hockey, and basketball.They make a great amount of money for universities by selling tickets for their games and online live streaming. In the article † Point/Counterpoint: Paying college athletes†, Dennis A. Johnson says that: â€Å"The total ticket revenues for football and men's basketball were $757 million in 1 999, total value that exceeded the total ticket sales for all of professi onal baseball, football, and hockey that year. Star athletes, who win prizes for their time-consuming trainings, don't make any money for their effort, despite the fact that they are the ones earning the money.In fact, the mount of revenue that many athletes make for their respective schools is more than what their scholarships pay for. So who is getting all of this money? Surprisingly, the coaches at the universities get the most of revenue. For example, the highest employee at the Northwestern University, coach Pat Fitzgerald, earned more than $2. 2 million in one year (Linda Shaves). According to statistics, anesthesiologists, who considered as a best-paid job in US earn only $232,830, which is 10 times less than coaches. At the same time, student athletes who are the main resources for his revenue do not gain anything.One might argue that college players receive full rides, with tuition and room and board paid for, along with advantages, including tutoring and better food and ac commodations at many schools (Linda Shaves). However, from a personal side a s a student athlete, I realize that it is not as luxurious as it may seem. We, student athletes, have to work twice as hard as a normal student in order to balance academics, practices, and performing well in our sport. I have very little amount of free time between morning practices, daily classes, afternoon rousts and hours of self-studying. Eave to squeeze time for sleeping and relaxing in order to perform at the level demanded of me as a student athlete. Moreover, I also have limited amount of free time during weekends, because I need to play tournaments and do my homework. Another reason why I think that universities are exploiting student athletes is that athletes are prohibited from making their own money as far as work – study jobs on or off campus. According to the NCAA regulation, student athletes are forbidden from trading ‘their likenesses or names†. They can teach at a sports amp, but can't use their likeness to advertise or promote the camp.They can start their own business, but cannot sell their own image (autographed photos, for instance) or even use their own name to promote it (Andrew Cline). Thus, athletes are not only indebted to the university because of their financial aid, but become subservient to the university because of the NCAA regulations. At the same time, Nan-student athletes are enjoying their college life. People have only one chance to experience college. Unfortunately, student athletes are deprived of feeling all its beauty. Universities exploit student athletes in a way that requires too much without giving anything in return.The students are expected to practice and play at a professional level while the university rewards them as if they were amateurs. For instance, college level of coaching is still not effective as it should be. According to the USA today: † Basically, poorly performing teams might get a brief improvemen t when changing coaches, but the change doesn't last – bad teams remain bad. And average teams, those that hover around six wins every season, actually get worse after making a coaching change. (Paul Merger). From my personal experience, before coming to college, I expected a very high level of coaching and practices.However, once I have started to practice with my new team, I realized that workouts are easier compare to how I used to practice before. At the same time, college requires student athletes to show good results. People might claim that since student athletes have all necessary facilities to perform and succeed, they can work by themselves. This statement is true, but from my own experience, realized that in order to compete at a higher bevel, I need someone to instruct and coach me. Coach can motivate and push people to have better results, which you have never been expected from yourself.Finally, the most crucial reason is that student athletes put their health i n risk, which cannot even be compared at the same level with the scholarship. According to Brian Frederick, Board Member of Sports Fans Coalition and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Sports Industry Management Program: â€Å"How can a â€Å"free education† compensate them for debilitating injuries caused during their time on campus? And how can we as fans truly enjoy a oddball game knowing that one player's career-ending injury will leave him saddled with nothing more than a lifetime of pain and doctor's bills? Thus, student athletes are insecure since they never know when they Will get injured from matches. Once they are injured, university doesn't need them anymore and they are eventually ended in oblivious. Since student athletes dedicate their whole life for sports, they are ignorant of knowledge in other areas. Nearly all who play big sports such as basketball, hockey, baseball and football will experience wear and tear on their bodies that they may not h ave anticipated: groin strains, concussion-related brain injuries, pulled muscles, back pains, crushed bones, worn-out knees, elbows and shoulders.Honestly, student athletes are at same position as professionals in the sense that they have to manage their studies as well as their commitments to their sport. Furthermore, student athletes are fully dependent on the university. They are not able to sign any contacts, talk to agents and make money. Every time they go to game, they put their life on risk. In fact, student athletes are completely oppressed by university. Works Cited and Achieve. â€Å"How colleges exploit athletes†, New York Post. Web.

Effects On The Environment Essay

The human population is growing rapidly and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years, with that being said because of the growing population it means the earth and environment will have to grow/adapt with the ever growing population of humans. One part of adapting to the population will be to try and address the needs of humans such as food, energy and raw materials. It will be hard to keep continuing to get our food, energy and raw materials in the way we do now without possibly damaging the earth’s environment where it cannot be repaired; Pollution, deforestation, farming, over-fishing, and global warming will be the cause of the environment being damaged. Environmental Issues Recycling: recycling is not only about waste control; it is also part of the possible conservation of resources to repairing damage on the environment. Over the last few years there has been much talk about recycling and its impact however there is still a number of individuals who still do not know how recycling can help the environment. The earth has to work hard to produce and meet the needs of the growing population; people will need to work to preserve the resources the earth has in order to ensure that the environment as we know will still be around for future populations. One problem of recycling practices is the limited emphasis put on practicing concepts of salvage and reuse. This is a society that is actively progressive and without certain information or statistics to grab the attention of society then all the concepts and information provided will fall on deaf ears. It is important for the population to start embracing these concepts otherwise Earth will be uninhabitable in the future. The emphasis of recycling is not being talked about enough, and neither is an  alternative that is why earth’s ability for growth is being challenged by what many humans do on a daily basis. There are many ways in which humans can try to address many of the environmental issues. Forestry: stop cutting down trees or less of them, and those that have been cut down should be replaced with new planted ones. Fishing: ensuring that there is a limit of how much one can fish and catch this way the fish do not become extinct. Economic issues: there needs to be an improvement of human’s standards of living by trying to reduce carbon dioxide and any type of greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture: Start producing high yielding crop of good quality without the use of chemicals and fertilizers. Energy: Try replacing non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel with renewable sources like solar, water and wind generation for use of energy instead. Fossil fuels affect the environment in ways that many are not aware of because many do not know what fossil fuels are; Fossil fuels are- gasoline, oil, coal, or natural gas. Whenever these forms of fuel are used or burned the environment is polluted with gases that are emitted into the earth’s atmosphere which causes harm to it. These fuels are used to run cars, trucks, heat homes, business and power factories. The majority of air pollutants are usually results of fossil fuel either in the home, or from industries which use internal combustion engines, what happens when they are in use is the smoke releases tiny particles of carbon in the air, it sits suspended in the air and can reduce the light at ground level and deposits of smoke particles, soot and ash can float preventing light, because of the effects of these gases have it is important to try and find other ways to obtain fuel. Many humans believe that there is much that can be done and many are not doing, those who are trying to spread the word will confront the problem of sustainability and will try to propose ideas to do it. The idea of sustainability is the main topic with regards to the future of the environment and earth.

Definition and Examples of Parison

Definition and Examples of Parison Parison is a  rhetorical term for corresponding structure in a series of phrases,  clauses,  or sentences- adjective to adjective, noun to noun, and so on.  Adjective: parisonic. Also known as  parisosis, membrum, and compar. In grammatical terms, parison is a type of parallel or correlative structure. In  Directions for Speech and Style  (circa 1599), Elizabethan  poet John Hoskins described parison as an even gait of sentences answering each other in measures interchangeably. He cautioned that although it is a smooth and memorable style for utterance, . . . in penning [writing]  it must be used moderately and modestly. Etymology: From the Greek. evenly balanced Pronunciation: PAR-uh-son Examples and Observations The closer you get, the better you look.(advertising slogan for Nice n Easy Shampoo)The louder he talked of his honor, the faster we counted our spoons.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, Worship)Everything you want, nothing you dont.(a slogan for Nissan automobiles)The milk chocolate melts in your mouth- not in your hand.(advertising slogan for MMs candy)Promise her anything, but give her Arpege.(advertising slogan for Arpege perfume, 1940s)Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.(President John Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January  1961)A day without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.(slogan of the Florida Citrus Commission)I have lovd, and got, and told,But should I love, get, tell, till I were old,I should not find that hidden mystery.(John Donne, Loves Alchemy)He that is to be saved will be saved, and he that is pred estined to be damned will be damned.(James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans, 1826) Oh, cursed be the hand that made these holes;Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it;Cursed the blood that lets this blood from hence.(Lady Annes curse in Act I, scene 2 of William Shakespeares  King Richard III)An Instrument of DelightBased as it is on identity of sound, parison is usually classified with figures of similitude and sometimes associated with methods of amplification, techniques for expanding and comparing. . . . Parison is, of course, an instrument of delight, causing, in [Henry] Peachams words, delectation by the vertue of proportion and number. At the same time, however, it serves a heuristic function, enlarging and dividing a topic for purposes of analysis, comparison, and discrimination. By arranging ideas into parallel forms, whether phrases or clauses, the prose writer calls the readers attention to an especially significant idea; at the same time, however, such an arrangement focuses the readers mind on the semantic similarities, differences, or oppositi ons exposed in parallel structures. . . .Parison- along with its rhetorical cognates- is one of the cornerstones of early-modern English writing.(Russ McDonald, Compar or Parison: Measure for Measure.Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson, Gavin Alexander, and Katrin Ettenhuber. Cambridge University  Press, 2007) Correlative StatementsHere we have a type of notional structure which involves proportionality. It is seen in such statements as the following:  The bigger they are the harder they fall, The harder they work the sooner they go home. And perhaps even in the well-known adage, As Maine goes, so goes the nation, although the latter example is different in some ways from the former two. Each of these examples  implies a set of conditional sentences, thus: The bigger they are the harder they fall could be broken into a set of sentences, If they are small they dont fall very hard; If they are medium-sized they fall rather hard; If they are big, they fall very hard, where small, medium-sized, and big are matched with not very hard, rather hard, and very hard respectively.(Robert E. Longacre, The Grammar of Discourse, 2nd ed. Springer, 1996)

buy custom Cardinal Health essay

buy custom Cardinal Health essay This paper seeks to analyze the case of Cardinal Health, and particularly the distribution aspect of the business. Cardinal Health is a business that deals with health care products. For the past 15 years, Cardinal has joined the books of business as one of the largest US company that has attained growth on a per share basis exceeding 20%. This is a remarkable trend for such a company, but it is yet to be seen if Cardinal Health will be able to continue its growth considering its approach. The reason behind Cardinal Healths growth was acquisition, and it is becoming doubtful whether this approach could sustain the growth in the coming years. There were signs that the approach the business has taken could bring about negative consequences, such as accounting practices referred to as stock crushing amongst wholesalers. The practice, done by even their own suppliers - Pfizer, was driving down Cardinals stock price regardless of their healthy and steady growth in earnings. Business analy sts attribute a companys growth to different factors, but the utmost two items responsible for any business growth are high performing business management techniques and appropriate financial models and principles. This paper will scrutinize Cardinal Healths case and make recommendations on the decisions the management will have to make so as to sustain the earning per share growth (Pearce Robinson, 2011). Bob Walter, a top manager at Cardinal Health, believed that the topical blow-ups at main US companies had taken place due to ultra fast growth, unfocused strategies, and high debt. According to Walter, Cardinal Health had neither of the above shortcomings as it had grown gradually and had low debt of 16% of their total capital. In addition, the manager justifies the approach the business took for its growth, i.e. acquisition, by saying that the business had followed an acquisition program that never strayed from selling to pharmacies, pharmaceutical makers, and hospitals. Unfortunately, Walter forgets that it takes more than the above three reasons for a company to go down. The current speed bump the company was facing maybe due to other reasons apart from the debt, pace of growth, and approach the business takes in expansion. Cardinal had survived other significant threats to its stock price like Clintons health care plan, and the introduction of the Internet distribution, and, ther efore, Walter believes that this speed bump was just like the others (Tjia, 2004). When it comes to using the acquisition approach to expand a business, there are some significant decisions that a business needs to make to ensure constant growth. Drug business is a business that needs to put its customers at the forefront and, therefore, Cardinal Health should change its management to customer-focused management. This management style will increase the number of satisfied customers, and this will eventually lead to an increase in profits. Acquisition approach that Cardinal Health has taken requires teamwork and collaboration in order to overcome the current speed bump. Acquisition means other businesses coming together under the banner of Cardinal Health. In this situation, different businesses or companies will come up with ways management and operations, and for companies to learn to work together as one there has to be collaboration and teamwork (Hitchner, 2003). Cardinal Health needs to avoid the practice of relying on documented and outdated protocols and seek out new ways to do business. The current business world, especially the drug industry, requires management style that is characterized by high performance, as well as establishment and cooperation of intradepartmental and cross-disciplinary teams. The health care industry is under intense pressure to reduce its costs, yet customers demand service and functionality, and in such a case, there must be teamwork to achieve high profits. There needs to be efficient propagation of information and discussion among staff members from all corners of the business. This will be helpful in identifying possibilities for change and space for improvement from front-line operations by means of marketing. Collaboration and teamwork help in producing new ideas and the much-needed responsibility of the teams that gives the employees some sense of commitment, belonging, and potential for innovation (Souda gar Iyer, 2012). Staff development is another management technique that Cardinal Health can implement to overcome the current speed bump. Dedication to cross-training, staff development, and training pays off not only because it increases the performance and value of employees but also because it helps retain the organizations best players. Health care is a growing industry with several competitors coming up and where staff movement is on the rise. To nsure its efficient services Cardinal Health will have to retain its employees, and this will only be through staff development. By making a commitment to enhance its employees, Cardinal Health boosts their community spirit and meaning. At Cardinal health, the main trainings are to reinforce the companys brand, and this does not encompass the employees experience. On the other hand, cross-training is absolutely essential because it permits staff members to comprehend the tasks of different departments, increases teamwork, and leads to advanced organizat ional function. Efficient employees are paramount in the health care industry because unlike in other business it has no substitute goods. Under the pharmaceuticals industry, customers do not substitute their goods, and this will call for highly trained employees to manage the business (Rasiel Friga, 2001). Another notable high performance management technique that is advisable to Cardinal Health is leadership commitment, especially at the top management level. Senior leadership, which is comprised of the board of directors and chief executive office, needs to show confidence of the companys leadership and readiness to change as times are changing. Cardinal Health is a business that has been around for the past 32 years, and there are high chances that the mode of leadership is a traditional one. Traditional hierarchy maybe one of the reasons for the business current financial problems, and change in the leadership commitment will bring changes. Bob Walter and other top management need to have the commitment to the company, particularly at this time of the speed bump. From the managers statements, he considers the current speed bump as any other obstacle that the company has faced in the earlier times, and it is only for a short while. It is easy, for a business expanding on an acquisit ion approach to fail to earn profits because of poor management and lack of devotion from the leaders (Burleson, 2003). It is clear from the current slow growth of the company that the long-term future is not visible. Cardinals incredible growth for the past 15 years is slowing down because of some aspects the management did not implement from the start. The acquisition approach lacks leadership commitment, staff development, and teamwork and collaboration that are essential to sustain the companys expansion. Cardinal Health plans to expand into international markets, but with the recent records of slow growth, this seems to be an impossible task. Health care is a tremendously powerful and dynamic industry with exciting prospects for future growth in the United States. Cardinal Health, being a member of this industry, has a potential for growing to greater lengths. According to records, the consumer segment spent $610 billion on health care, and out of the total expenditure, 74% went to pharmaceuticals. This means that Cardinal, being an outstanding player in the pharmaceutical industry, has lots of i ncome. The size of Cardinal Health is also an indication of the capital, especially considering all the other businesses the company has managed to acquire. The 2006 records indicate that Cardinal Health had revenues of $81 billion, ranking number 19 on the Fortune 500. In addition, the business owned 30% of the pharmaceutical distribution business. Such high funds in a business call for proper financial model and principles in order for the business to sustain its earnings. Cardinal Health is a business that has been in the medical care industry for a long time. During this period it has expanded to be one of the largest companies in the US. It owes its success to the best financial models, such as the deterministic financial models. The momentous question concerning Cardinal Health is whether it will sustain the expansion and growth of its earnings per share for the next years. The most recommendable financial model is one that will forecast the companys future financial status, and in this case, deterministic financial models are proper. In this model, financial data is fed into a spreadsheet to undergo a number of computations before a result is displayed. Most financial models, such as a deterministic one, work well with businesses that have historical information, which helps in deriving the correlation between essential p rognostic variables. In Cardinal Healths case, we will use historical accounting connections to predict key revenue and cost variables. Through this financial model, the business will be able to tell its financial standings, and also whether the current speed bump will end. The reason as to why deterministic financial models will work well for Cardinal Health Company is because it makes use of sensitivity analysis tables of one or two-dimensional type that assess the question of uncertainty and risk in the models outcomes. Eaach of the created tables allows a monetary analyst to simultaneously conduct investigation into one or two variables. The benefit of the tables is their simplicity and effortless integration into easily accessible financial models of deterministic type that are already in place. Cardinal Health is popular for competing in four business segments, such as pharmaceutical distribution and provider, medical-surgical products and services, pharmaceuticals services and technologies, and automation and information services. The following table gives an outline of the four principal segments that Cardinal Health offer services (Jacques, 2010). Pharmaceuticals Distribution and service provider Medical Products and Services Clinical Technologies and services Pharmaceutical Technologies and Services Cardinal Distribution Allegiance - Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health Information Companies ALP (Automated Liquid Packaging)- Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health Provider Services Cardinal Health Staffing Network Central Pharmacy Services Cardinal Health Consulting Services Pyxis Cardinal Health company Cardinal Health Manufacturing Services Cardinal Health Sales and Marketing Services CORD Logistics Medicine Shoppe International - Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health National PharmPak Cardinal NSS- National Specialty Services Vistant- Cardinal Health Company IPC (International Processing) - Cardinal Health Company PCI Services R.P.Scherer- Cardinal Health Company SP Pharmaceutical- Cardinal Health Company In 2002, Bob Walter stated that tradition and culture of Cardinal had given it a strong foundation for its competitiveness in the pharmaceutical industry. One can not but agree with the manager that tradition and culture gives a company its foundations, but as time goes by several things change. The techniques and guidelines that may have worked for Cardinal Health in the past years may not be sufficient to manage the current competition in the health care industry. Changing the management strategies could be one way to help the company to survive its current speed bump and ensure continued expansion. In addition, the company can change its mode of expanding for instance from using the acquisition approach to concentrating on expanding its services. Having acquired most of the small businesses in the drugs industry, it is time for Cardinal to employ another approach that will improve its expansion. Health care industry comprises several other areas that Cardinal can venture into, and in turn, this will also expand the business. Currently, Cardinal Health concentrates only on four segments in the health care industry, and yet it is still growing. Diverging to other health care segments will see to its expansion and avoid the current speed bump the company is experiencing. By expanding the segments in which the company deals with Cardinal Health will also be increasing its customer base and in the end, it could capture the entire health care market. Furthermore, this will ensure that customers and suppliers do not migrate to other market niches because Cardinal will be the Most businesses undergo slow growth, especially after an extended time of expansion. In any business, time is of the essence and with time, the field keeps changing. It is up to the management and other key players in the business to transform the business to suit the changing times and environment. From Cardinal Healths historical information the company started out as a food company and later on it underwent a transformation. This transformation led to Cardinal being one of the largest health care products distributors, and it has grown for the past 15 years. It is time for Cardinal Health to transform itself, change its approaches of expansion, and the management techniques to those that will sustain its expansion trend. Lastly, the company needs to make use of use of proper financial models, i.e. deterministic financial models, that will be resplendent in forecasting the financial position of the business. Buy custom Cardinal Health essay

Fall of Saigon in the Vietnam War

Fall of Saigon in the Vietnam War The Fall of Saigon occurred on April 30, 1975, at the end of the Vietnam War. Commanders North Vietnam General Van Tien DungColonel General Tran Van Tra South Vietnam Lieutenant General Nguyen Van ToanMayor Nguyen Hop Doan Fall of Saigon Background In December 1974, the Peoples Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) began a series of offensives against South Vietnam. Though they achieved success against the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), American planners believed that South Vietnam would be able to survive at least until 1976. Commanded by General Van Tien Dung, PAVN forces quickly gained the upper hand against the enemy in early 1975 as he directed assaults against the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. These advances also saw PAVN troops capture the key cities of Hue and Da Nang on March 25 and 28. American Concerns Following the loss of these cities, Central Intelligence Agency officers in South Vietnam began to question whether the situation could be rescued without large-scale American intervention. Increasingly concerned about the safety of Saigon, President Gerald Ford ordered planning to commence for the evacuation of American personnel. Debate ensued as Ambassador Graham Martin wished any evacuation to occur quietly and slowly to prevent panic whereas the Department of Defense sought a rapid departure from the city. The result was a compromise in which all but 1,250 Americans were to be quickly withdrawn. This number, the maximum that could be carried in a single days airlift, would remain until Tan Son Nhat airport was threatened. In the meantime, efforts would be made to remove as many friendly South Vietnamese refugees as possible. To aid in this effort, Operations Babylift and New Life were initiated in early April and flew out 2,000 orphans and 110,000 refugees respectively. Through the month of April, Americans departed Saigon through the Defense Attachà ©s Office (DAO) compound at Tan Son Nhat. This was complicated as many refused to leave their South Vietnamese friends or dependents. PAVN Advances On April 8, Dung received orders from the North Vietnamese Politburo to press his attacks against the South Vietnamese. Driving against Saigon in what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign, his men encountered the final line of ARVN defenses at Xuan Loc the next day. Largely held by the ARVN 18th Division, the town was a vital crossroads northeast of Saigon. Ordered to hold Xuan Loc at all costs by South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu, the badly outnumbered 18th Division repelled PAVN attacks for nearly two weeks before being overwhelmed. With the fall of Xuan Loc on April 21, Thieu resigned and denounced the United States for failing to provide needed military aid. The defeat at Xuan Loc effectively opened the door for PAVN forces to sweep on to Saigon. Advancing, they encircled the city and had nearly 100,000 men in place by April 27. That same day, PAVN rockets began hitting Saigon. Two days later, these began to damage the runways at Tan Son Nhat. These rocket attacks led the American defense attachà ©, General Homer Smith, to advise Martin that any evacuation would need to be carried out by helicopter. Operation Frequent Wind As the evacuation plan relied on the use of fixed-wing aircraft, Martin demanded the embassys Marine guards to take him to the airport to see the damage firsthand. Arriving, he was forced to agree with Smiths assessment. Learning that the PAVN forces were advancing, he contacted Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at 10:48 AM and requested permission to activate the Frequent Wind evacuation plan. This was immediately granted and the American radio station began repeat playing White Christmas which was the signal for American personnel to move to their evacuation points. Due to the runway damage, Operation Frequent Wind was conducted using helicopters, largely CH-53s and CH-46s, which departed from the DAO Compound at Tan Son Nhat. Leaving the airport they flew out to American ships in the South China Sea. Through the day, buses moved through Saigon and delivered Americans and friendly South Vietnamese to the compound. By evening over 4,300 people had been evacuated through Tan Son Nhat. Though the US Embassy was not intended to be a major departure point, it became one when many became stranded there and were joined by thousands of South Vietnamese hoping to claim refugee status. As a result, flights from the embassy continued through the day and late into the night. At 3:45 AM on April 30, the evacuation of refugees at the embassy was halted when Martin received direct orders from Ford to leave Saigon. He boarded a helicopter at 5:00 AM and was flown to USS Blue Ridge. Though several hundred refugees remained, the Marines at embassy departed at 7:53 AM. Aboard Blue Ridge, Martin desperately argued for helicopters to return to the embassy but was blocked by Ford. Having failed, Martin was able to convince him to allow ships to remain offshore for several days as a haven for those fleeing. The Operation Frequent Wind flights met little opposition from PAVN forces. This was the result of the Politburo ordering Dung to hold fire as they believed interfering with the evacuation would bring American intervention. Though the American evacuation effort had ended, South Vietnamese helicopters and aircraft flew out additional refugees to the American ships. As these aircraft were unloaded, they were pushed overboard to make room for new arrivals. Additional refugees reached the fleet by boat. Fall of Saigon Bombarding the city on April 29, Dung attacked early the next day. Led by the 324th Division, PAVN forces pushed into Saigon and quickly moved to capture key facilities and strategic points around the city. Unable to resist, newly-appointed President Duong Van Minh ordered ARVN forces to surrender at 10:24 AM and sought to peacefully hand over the city. Uninterested in receiving Minhs surrender, Dungs troops completed their conquest when tanks plowed through the gates of the Independence Palace and hoisted the North Vietnamese flag at 11:30 AM. Entering the palace, Colonel Bui Tin found Minh and his cabinet waiting. When Minh stated that he wished to transfer power, Tin replied, â€Å"There is no question of your transferring power. Your power has crumbled. You cannot give up what you do not have.† Completely defeated, Minh announced 3:30 PM that the South Vietnamese government was fully dissolved. With this announcement, the Vietnam War effectively came to an end. Sources HistoryNet: Fall of SaigonBBC: Fall of SaigonUSNI: Operation Frequent Wind

The specific factors of the Turkish culture Dissertation

The specific factors of the Turkish culture - Dissertation Example 1.0 INTRODUCTION Career counselling is a challenging field that has to take in view each and every aspect that may or may not affect the personal abilities, potential and aptitude of subjects’ lives. A Career is a notion that needs much thought and planning before jumping in the arena as the financial and economic health as well as the physical and mental satisfaction of a person highly depends upon it. Thus, when the high time comes, and one is referred to a career counsellor, then the person is actually considering his future seriously. A counsellor can provide with an impartial and objective view of one’s own possibilities as well as some certain profitable ways to utilize them so that one may not plunge into something to regrets later. However, everything is not determined by personal choices and skills. There are other factors, more affective and powerful, that have to be considered before taking such an important decision of one’s life. A career counsellor has the responsibility to point out these factors to the subjects elaborately. These factors include the usual business fields offered in the convenient area, the availability of the needed education and training facilities, the usual trends and the possibility of the availability of vacant posts in future in that particular field, and also an acceptance from the society. The researcher thinks that the last factor affect much as it hold the power of cultural norms, traditions and customs in which the subject has lived for quite a while, and certainly the chosen profession must have to come in terms with the cultural acceptance and proposals. 1.1 BACKGROUND Culture occupies... Culture occupies a central role in a person’s life. It affects a man externally as well as internally as he grows living in it. Thus, when a man reaches his prime he is a walking embodiment of his culture. Therefore it is believed that the culture plays an important role in every important decision of his life, including the career selection. The researcher has selected to apply personal beliefs on Turkish individuals. Turkey is a country with extraordinarily rich culture. Due to it being rapidly developing and consequently continuously changing possibilities, its culture is accepting new and advanced norms. However, the researcher believes that there are still some factors that do not allow the U-turns in the selection of careers. It has been noted that this is the thing particularly in the case of female subjects. Being the symbol of beauty and delicacy, it had always been a predetermined notion that they cannot take part in laborious works. The researcher has also noted that there are some cultural restrictions other than their own will that does not allow them to go for these jobs. Also, there are some indications that male members of the society also face some societal expectations that bound them to select from a particular set of careers. The idea is to investigate these matters more elaborately and objectively so that cultural reasons for these sorts of limited choices can be figured out. Thus, the researcher has aimed this study to the elucidate the problems that a young student faces when he or she passes out of the college.

Louis Armstrong Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Louis Armstrong - Research Paper Example Louis Armstrong was born on August fourth 1994 in the New Orleans state. He was born from a poor background in Battlefield a place in New Orleans although he became the most the most influential artist on that time in the history of music. Louis Armstrong bought himself his first horn and he learned playing cornet when he was 13 years old. At the age of 11 years he was sent to juvenile prison for firing a gun during the eve of New Year. He was a hardworking and helped his mother and sister to sing for coins in the streets in the night. Louis Armstrong was released from the juvenile prison and he joined certain artist and band in the street club so that he could support himself as a musician. Louis Armstrong worked with his mentor Joe who was referred as King Oliver. King Oliver was a popular musician in New Orleans together with Jelly Roll Morton. In 1922 Louis Armstrong moved to Chicago and joined Creole Jazz Band. They took Chicago by storm with his remarkable fiery and dazzling two-cornet. Louis Armstrong began dating a fellow band pianist and they ma rried in 1924 (Riggs 17). Louis Armstrong was born in a poor background in the New Orleans. The most popular instrument used was the cornet or trumpet, the clarinet, and trombone that provided a bass (Riggs 18). These instruments together with the drums and pianos provided the rhythm for jazz music. Jazz music was an interracial genre that every person could here. Both the blacks, Italians and whites played jazz. From where Louis was born, ethnicity provided an opportunity that improved partying Louis Armstrong made contribution in jazz singing. His singing was unique and some of his recording was cited as the birth of scat-singing. He also exerted more influence on the early jazz vocal styles. Louis singing and phrasing as a musician was incorporated with syncopations of jazz and stood out for balance between sentimental toughness and roughness of jazz music. Louis Armstrong

Research Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Method - Essay Example 6. When a financial organization decides to take part in financing activities, there are a number of risks that the move. The risks include political risks and foreign exchange risk. The risks make it difficult for the institution to maintain reliable and constant revenue. 7. Paying the amount in three months’ time may be reached at if the paying company is capable of availing the amount in three months’ time. Financial ability is the main contributes much to the financing action. The bank would prefer the payment to be made in twelve months since the longer the bank transacts the payment, the higher the bank interest earned (Pratt, 2011). 8. Once the USASuperCars accepts the HSBC’s offer, the risk will lie on the financial institution too. The bank, on the other hand, may gain or lose depending on the exchange rates. The probability of the bank making a loss are minimal because HSBC native currency is in sterling pounds which are stronger that the dollars. 9. The fixed sum of money is about $2,150,000 without exchange rate risk while HSBC has 29% chance to lose and 5% chance to gain more than $200,000. Analyzing the information keenly, the exchange rate is risky to HSBC. The bank is either going to generate a profit of five percent of the loss of about twenty-nine percent. Â  I am writing this report to make financial decisions for Corvette Company, which sells luxury sports cars to various countries in the world. The company is situated in the United States and deals with a unique brand of cars. The good reputation of the company has seen it move far ahead of other car selling companies. The success of the company is due to coordination between different departments. The managing board makes decisions that have seen Corvette retain it unbeaten reputation in the entire globe. Good quality and affordable produce are indeed the pushing force behind its success (Guffey & Loewy, 2013). I will analyze the financial risks,

Soil orders and their associated environmental elements Essay

Soil orders and their associated environmental elements - Essay Example Gley tundra soils are formed in the conditions of permanent water saturation and low temperatures. They are typical for landscape-geographical zones of the tundra, and located on plains illustrative of eternal frost. Another characteristic feature of tundra soils is their formation without great influence of the vegetation. â€Å"The exact character of these soils depends on the ground ice position, slope and the vegetation. If the slope is stable, peaty soils are formed due to slow organic and chemical action. In case of steep slopes, thin soils result† (Pujari). Considering the shallow depth of melting in summer ground, and below it the beginning of a frozen horizon, even a seasonal thawing layer is characterized by low temperature and is over-soppy with water, which cannot seep into the deeper land layers. All this slows down the activity of micro-organisms, decomposition cause of plant residues, and the formation of soils. For inhibit access of oxygen, tundra soils are fea tured with a bluish-grey gley horizon. The surface of tundra soils is often complicated with hummocky micro-relief. They are acid, poor in grounds, with scanty reserves of nutrients. Consequently, fertility of tundra soils is low. This is due to their relative youthful age and lack of activity of biological processes. As for the associated climate of gley tundra soils, it is subarctic with extremely long-lasting winter. As most of the tundra lies within the Arctic Circle, it experiences winter polar night. The severity of winter depends on the continentality. As a rule, the tundra practically has no climatic summer, or the latter comes for short time. The average temperature of the warmest month (July or August) is 50-59  °F. In summer all vegetation rises with the polar day oncoming (or the white nights in those parts of the tundra, where the polar day does not reach). May and September is spring and autumn. Tundra soils are characterized

Love and Sex Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Love and Sex Relationship - Essay Example Sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage: ethical or not Within the context of love and sex relationship, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical because it leads to a number of problems in future life. For instance, one cannot prove that sexual relationships ultimately lead to marriage in future. If a partner is in search of temporary relationship, the other partner is forced to face the consequences. If one considers that marriage is related to sexual purity of the partners, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. If one is not pure, one cannot blame others. Nicotera opined that â€Å"After sharing all that there is to share before marriage, it is believed that young couples get bored with each other soon after marriage because they did not leave anything to imagination or delay any satisfaction† (172). From a different angle of view, sexual relationship before marriage increases the scope of bor edom in future life. On the other side, difference in opinions related to sexual relationship before marriage is deeply influenced by cultural difference. In an underdeveloped society, laws and regulations related to marriage may be strict. In this situation, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. Within the context of developed societies, sexual relationship before marriage is considered as the best possible way for the partners to know each other in a different way. Still, one can indulge in a love affair without sex because it does not force him or her to feel regret. Virginity: important to men or women One can see that virginity is important to men and women because men and women are equal. If one considers that virginity is important to women, one is trying to devalue the status of womenfolk. To be specific, marriage is an agreement between equal partners and virginity is applicable to both the partners. If a man is so cautious about his partne r’s virginity, he must realize the fact that the same is applicable to him also. Klein stated that â€Å"In the case of the Middle East, early marriage appears to be corollary to the emphasis on female virginity; the earlier the marriage, the less likelihood that the girl will lose her virginity before marriage† (60). If an individual is ready to accept marriage as an important agreement or social contract between the partners, virginity is important to both the partners. So, within the context of love and sex relationship, one can see that virginity is important to men and women. On the other side, most males expect that their partners must be cautious about their virginity. But most males are not aware of the fact that their female partners can question their status on virginity. The women folk who are in favor of sexual independence and individual freedom are not in favor of virginity. From a different angle of view, virginity of men and women is a controversial top ic which can be evaluated according to individual difference. Still, virginity should not be considered as the most important aspect of marriage because trust and cohesion between partners is most important. Teenage sex

Prospective on corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prospective on corporate strategy - Essay Example He argues that if these principles are not followed in entirety then a firm would be unable to maintain or enhance its strategic position. The first principle is to develop the ‘right goals’, which means the targets and objectives that are realistic and achievable in real world. For instance, the goals should be defined in a way they could create economic value for customers. This is happened when certain want-satisfying products are developed and marketed that in turn lead to consumer satisfaction / loyalty and relationship building in the long run (Porter, 1996). Profits are viewed by Porter (2001) as a secondary element of strategy because if a firm’s primary aim is profit then it would probably devise wrong policies. The second principle is ‘value proposition’ that refers to promises made by a supplier to its buyers. Indeed, the stronger the value proposition the greater the probability of enhanced strategic positioning. The third principle is â⠂¬Ëœdistinctive value chain’, which means that firms should differentiate their business functions compared to their rivals to support its distinctive value proposition (Hamel & Prahalad, 1990). The fourth principle is to ‘trade off’ certain characteristics during strategy formulation to ensure differentiation. ... Indeed, an organization with weak positioning could not survive, expand and sustain in a challenging, complex and unpredictable 21st century business environment. Task 2 It is worth mentioning that this is a globalized world (an outcome of technological advancements) where competition is intense among business firms due to relatively fewer barriers in entering in corporate arena. Nevertheless, the organizations also enjoy multiple benefits due to these technological innovations because they automate their business process and ensure their virtual presence to enhance their strategic position (inclusive of productivity and efficiency, cost reduction, market reach / share and sales volume). Apparently, it seems as if internet is a very useful tool for any firm (traditional operations) or e-business to attract a large pool of potential customers through web (dot com) presence. However, the first major criticism is that a significantly large number of dot com ventures fail and internet is not extremely beneficial for sales purposes because today it has been used by all entities (Stead et al, 2007). Indeed, every credible small and large business has created a website to facilitate and entice potential consumers towards their products (for example General Motors will not have a genuine advantage on Toyota and Chrysler because every global corporation enjoys online presence). For instance, another criticism is that the online customers are disadvantaged because they could not physically test and validate the products they order online (on web); therefore, they tend to make purchases online mostly from companies that have earned credibility and authenticity in open market and

Love and Sex Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Love and Sex Relationship - Essay Example Sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage: ethical or not Within the context of love and sex relationship, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical because it leads to a number of problems in future life. For instance, one cannot prove that sexual relationships ultimately lead to marriage in future. If a partner is in search of temporary relationship, the other partner is forced to face the consequences. If one considers that marriage is related to sexual purity of the partners, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. If one is not pure, one cannot blame others. Nicotera opined that â€Å"After sharing all that there is to share before marriage, it is believed that young couples get bored with each other soon after marriage because they did not leave anything to imagination or delay any satisfaction† (172). From a different angle of view, sexual relationship before marriage increases the scope of bor edom in future life. On the other side, difference in opinions related to sexual relationship before marriage is deeply influenced by cultural difference. In an underdeveloped society, laws and regulations related to marriage may be strict. In this situation, sexual relationship between man and woman before marriage is unethical. Within the context of developed societies, sexual relationship before marriage is considered as the best possible way for the partners to know each other in a different way. Still, one can indulge in a love affair without sex because it does not force him or her to feel regret. Virginity: important to men or women One can see that virginity is important to men and women because men and women are equal. If one considers that virginity is important to women, one is trying to devalue the status of womenfolk. To be specific, marriage is an agreement between equal partners and virginity is applicable to both the partners. If a man is so cautious about his partne r’s virginity, he must realize the fact that the same is applicable to him also. Klein stated that â€Å"In the case of the Middle East, early marriage appears to be corollary to the emphasis on female virginity; the earlier the marriage, the less likelihood that the girl will lose her virginity before marriage† (60). If an individual is ready to accept marriage as an important agreement or social contract between the partners, virginity is important to both the partners. So, within the context of love and sex relationship, one can see that virginity is important to men and women. On the other side, most males expect that their partners must be cautious about their virginity. But most males are not aware of the fact that their female partners can question their status on virginity. The women folk who are in favor of sexual independence and individual freedom are not in favor of virginity. From a different angle of view, virginity of men and women is a controversial top ic which can be evaluated according to individual difference. Still, virginity should not be considered as the most important aspect of marriage because trust and cohesion between partners is most important. Teenage sex

Political commentator Essay Example for Free

Political commentator Essay Inspector Goole is an ingenious character; manipulated by Priestley to display many functions within the play, as he is used as a political commentator, universal inquisitor and truth seeker. -Many people view Inspector Goole as a representative for political and moral value, but overall, he is just a mere dramatic device, used for the purpose of delivering Priestleys opinion across to the audience, in the context of a domestic backdrop. The audience becomes first aquatinted with the character of Inspector Goole, when he enters the play at the beginning of Act One. -During this arrival, the Inspector interrupts Mr. Birling in midst of his pro-capitalist speech, thus disrupting the pretentious calm of middle-class luxury displayed before. -Mr. Birling, who represents the Capitalist opinion in full, speaks extremely arrogantly, as he believes that all knowledge and experience is held within his grasp:  Ive learnt in a good hard school of experience that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own and (Mr Birling, act one). -Through this, Mr Birling shows that he is a Capitalist, and is one who feels that he has to take many risks to keep hold of his aesthetic power in status and money. He uses the speech to reveal all of his secrets and predictions around living life to the full, and in mid-flight of this, is rudely interrupted by the doorbell ringing. This doorbell acts as a dramatic device and medium for Inspector Gooles entrance. Its shrewd disturbance, possibly acting as a symbol for his disagreement in ethics, but also, the lack of respect for Mr Birlings Capitalist beliefs. Mr Birling is immediately phased by this impertinence, as just the Inspectors presence stops him from carrying on. The audience knows at this point that Birling isnt the great power figure that he made himself out to be and in fact, someone far greater has taken his dominating role for good. The Inspector is now number one. At first, the other characters are completely unaware of the Inspectors purpose within the play, as though they dont realise there is something to hide from. However, this arrogance and disregard for others is soon transformed, as they become conscious of the brutal truth of what they have done. Sheila and Eric become vividly changed, whereas the somewhat stubborn Mr and Mrs Birling remain seemingly callous within their original Capitalist views: but even with their supposed unchanged opinions, the effect of Inspector Goole steel haunts them, as all the characters will never be the same. The overall impression that surrounds Inspector Goole throughout the whole play is that of mystery and superior presence. This notion is partly created by the Inspectors manner but also his name, Goole, which is obviously an inference to mythical creatures of the medieval times, by the name of Ghouls. This similarity could just be a mere coincidence, but I think it is a metaphor, used to describe the Inspectors mystical character in short. Ghouls by legend are mysterious, magical creatures that are associated with death; and through this comparison, (plus the Inspectors style of just appearing with immediate authority), the same can be said about him. Priestley ultimately wanted to create a presence of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness (directional notes, Act one) and through the Inspectors deliberate name, manner and timing, he has created just that.  Paragraph 4 The Inspectors function as a Protagonist 1st Re-Draft  The most influential role of the Inspector and perhaps the most crucial in setting up his political authority within the play, is his imminent function as a Protagonist. In this role, Priestley has allowed the Inspectors character to immediately hold power and influence over the plot, thus giving him enough status to later deliver a political opinion to the audience. The first indication of the great power Inspector Goole has within the play, is only given upon his entrance into the plot, as it is then and only then, that the main proceedings are allowed to unfold. The audience is instantly left in suspense as they await the Inspectors motive for coming to the Birling household on such a joyous occasion. Although he immediately reveals his intentions: Id like some information, if you dont mind(The Inspector, Act one), they know he wants more. This mere information is all too trivial for Priestley to make such an atmosphere around the Inspector and thus, it is not viewed upon as just a light-hearted inquiry, but far more. The audience realises that the Inspector has immense power even enough to disrupt people of higher class; therefore they know he is here to reveal something life changing something important, and they wont stop watching until they find out exactly what. Throughout the play, Inspector Goole is the dominating character, as he leads the proceedings through immense interrogation. Every action he takes part in changes the reactions of the other characters, as he continually delivers Priestleys socialist opinion across to the audience. Before the Inspector enters though, Mr. Birling fulfils this role, as he roams through the dominion of a middle-class celebration, in flare of his true Capitalist mind. However, Birlings power is only temperamental, as it is immediately transferred to the Inspector as soon as he arrives into the plot. This switching of power and purpose between Inspector Goole and Mr Birling upsets the overall equilibrium of the play. The contrast of reign is thus shown vividly, as the pretentious calm of Capitalist wealth is rapidly morphed into the blunt truth of socialism. Priestley emphasises this change in mood specifically in his directional notes at the beginning of Act One:  The Lighting should be pink and intimate until the Inspector arrives, and then it should be brighter and harder (Directional notes). This change in light signifies the transferral of power between characters, but also the transformation of the plots tone. It shows that during Inspector Gooles entrance, the barrier of higher-class wealth does not matter, as he holds the power where no one can hide. Light in religious terms is a symbol for truth, and I think that this brighter light in the directional notes is a sign of the honesty in Inspector Goole, as Priestley shows the Inspectors beliefs to be pure and genuine.  Later on in the plot, after the Inspector has left, the other characters are close to restoring the equilibrium to how it previously was. They try to gain power back and delude themselves into thinking that the Inspectors existence was merely a hoax: There isnt any such Inspector. Weve been had. (Gerald, Act three).  The characters are purely interested in just their own statuses and therefore, try to make up excuses of why Inspector Gooles testament is not valid, so that in the end they can go about their lives, un-affected. However, the Inspectors power was so great and commanding, that Sheila and Eric are transformed and therefore, can not let the Inspectors morals go on forgotten. In the end, they stand up for what they believe, and in agreement with the Inspector they allow his reign to have justice until the very end the equilibrium of which, does not return.

The Beveridge Report of 1942: Aims and Impact

The Beveridge Report of 1942: Aims and Impact (The Making of the Welfare State, 1942 1951) Examine the extent to which the AIMS of the Beveridge Report of 1942 had been achieved by 1951. From the Cradle to the Grave In 1941 the wartime coalition government ordered Sir William Beveridge[1] to write a report suggesting policies that could be implemented to assist people on low incomes in the United Kingdom. In December 1942 Beveridge published his findings in his Report to Parliament on Social Insurance and Allied Services.[2] The Report proposed that people in employment should pay a proportion of their pay into a fund which would then be distributed in the form of benefits paid to people who were unemployed, sick, widowed or retired. Essentially, Beveridge argued for a comprehensive system of social insurance from cradle to grave. Beveridge reasoned that this system would establish a minimum standard of living ‘below which no one should be allowed to fall’. His proposals proved immensely popular among the British public and his suggested reforms were introduced by the Labour Government that was elected by a landslide vote (after adopting the objectives of the Beveridge Report in its manifesto)[3] at the end of World War II in 1945. The period under discussion in this paper extends from publication of the Beveridge Report to the end of the post-war Labour Government, which was led by Clement Attlee. The principle aims of the Beveridge Report were addressed to counter the five so-called ‘giants’ of illness, ignorance, disease, squalor, and want. The Report considered the broad question of social insurance, contending that social ‘want’ could be met by a state organised system of social security for the benefit of individual citizens. Beveridge proposed the establishment of family allowances, a national health service, a scheme for national insurance and assistance, and lobbied for policies to secure full-employment. The Achievements of the Beveridge Report Attlee’s Government introduced three acts of key significance and others that proved instrumental in pursuing the aims of the Beveridge Report. The 1946 National Insurance Act, implemented the Beveridge scheme for social security creating a comprehensive system of unemployment, sickness, maternity and pension benefits funded by employers, employees and the government. It is submitted that the Act represents a significant reforming achievement on any given set of criteria. By June 1948, prominent Labour Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan had steered the National Health Service Act through Parliament and into force. This legislation provided the British public with free diagnosis and treatment of illness and disease, in hospital and at home, and also made comprehensive dental and ophthalmic services available. Again, it is argued that this Act constitutes an important achievement for the Beveridge agenda, indeed, with the benefit of hindsight and from the full perspective of 2005, it is hard to overstate its significance. The 1948 National Assistance Act was the third of the key Acts inspired by Beveridge. The Act abolished the Poor Law and made provision for welfare services, enacting a raft of measures designed to relieve poverty in the United Kingdom. All three of the above Acts entered into force on the same day, 7th June 1948. The 1948 Children Act was another important reform inspired by Beveridge. This Act established a childrens committee and a childrens officer in each local authority adding, it is submitted, an important perspective to the Beveridge agenda. Full employment also became government policy as a consequence of Beveridge. This goal has never been sustained for any long period, but it is submitted that it is unfair to judge Beveridge by the success or failure of this aspiration, given that so many socio-economic factors impact on the level of employment. Together, the achievements of Beveridge created a welfare state for the United Kingdom: a system of social security guaranteeing a minimum level of income, health and social services for all. Returning to office in 1951 under Churchill, the Conservative Party pursued an agenda of pragmatic social modernity and accepted almost all of the social reforms, including all the key reforms, instituted by the former Labour government. This demonstrates that not only had the Beveridge Report achieved its primary objectives, but also that it had engineered a shift in the political norms and received social wisdom of the country. Concluding Comments Although securing almost one and a half million more votes than the Conservatives, Clement Attlee’s Labour Party, as stated above, narrowly lost the 1951 General Election. However, it is argued that the post war period of Government was by most measures a great success. Vigorous reform based largely around the model established by Beveridge was achieved. The goal of full employment has and will probably remain an elusive one for the foreseeable future, but great strides were taken during the period under review and the social superstructure of the United Kingdom changed out of all recognition and for, it is submitted, the better. It is a testament to the influence and success of the Beveridge Report that some forty years after its publication, Margaret Thatchers Conservative government in terms of its political stance poles apart from Beveridge and Attlee which as a consequence opposed many of the principles behind Beveridges work, recognised his report as by any measure a landmark in a white paper on social security reform[4]. In summary it is submitted that the British welfare state of 2005 is recognisably the progeny of Beveridge. This grand social system retains all the basic characteristics of the system created by the Labour Government between 1945 and 1951.[5] Thus it can be claimed that the Beveridge Report achieved many of its aims, and, moreover, that those achievements have stood the test of time and proved both durable and effective. Beveridge deserves a place of prominence in the political pantheon of the twentieth century. In terms of his lasting influence on modern Britain, it is arguable that he surpasses even his far more famous political contemporary Churchill. The following quote strikes an appropriate closing note. â€Å"The welfare state, arguably the greatest achievement of European civilisation in this century.† Marquand, 1997. p127[6] BIBLIOGRAPHY Report to the Parliament on Social Insurance and Allied Services (Cmd. 6404) London: HMSO, 1942 ISBN: 0108502767 George V. and Wilding P. (1999) British Society and Social Welfare, London, Macmillan. Marquand D. (1997) The New Reckoning, Cambridge. Polity. The National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ 1 Footnotes [1] (1879-1963). [2] (Cmd. 6404) London: HMSO, 1942 ISBN: 0108502767. [3] It should be noted that the Conservative Party also supported much of the Beveridge Report. [4] See for comment: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/welfare.htm [5] George V. and Wilding P. (1999) British Society and Social Welfare, London, Macmillan. [6] Marquand D. (1997) The New Reckoning, Cambridge. Polity.