Write about two sociological variables race and animal abuse Essay

Expound on two sociological factors race and creature misuse - Essay Example Theory 1. The ethnicity or race of an individual might possibly affect their affinity to manhandle or not misuse creatures. To demonstrate or refute this underlying speculation, it is important to choose an equivalent gathering of people from each conceivable racial foundation. For instance, 25 men and 25 ladies between the ages of twenty and forty would be chosen from each racial foundation. These gatherings would incorporate Caucasian, African American, Latino and Asian. These gatherings would all be heedless to what the examination was about. The gatherings would be kept separate by race and checked in an office for multi week. Every individual would be set with a pooch. Every individual would be observed for the length of the week. The mutts would likewise be observed. Toward the week's end, the accompanying would be resolved: The conduct of the canine when contrasted with the conduct toward the start of the week; the occasions every individual took care of, watered, petted or in vested energy with the pooch (strolling the canine and so on); and obviously any maltreatment or disregard would be resolved. The potential issues with this investigation would be age variety in the people as a potential factor, regardless of whether every individual was a hound individual or not, regardless of whether the individual abstained from showing oppressive conduct because of feeling watched or watched. Potential difficulties for this specific technique for study may incorporate the way that there are a few factors inside the examination, for example, the two ladies and men. The subject of whether guys are bound to mishandle creatures instead of females could be presented. Another variable to consider is whether the people in the investigation had been mishandled as kids as this may play in to their inclination to be damaging as grown-ups. Additionally, the way that this examination isn't being directed for a huge scope might be a difficult factor. Be that as it may, the moderately little size of the gatherings should minimize expenses and ought to consequently be close enough. At last, strict foundation could be a variable not anticipated or considered. On the off chance that an individual is of Hindu confidence, they will love creatures as much as human life and in this manner potentially be significantly less powerless to injurious conduct towards creatures. An answer for this variable difficulty might be to just choose people of non religion. On the off chance that people have no strict convictions, this may level out the subjects that are being examined, significantly more. Different religions, for example, Santeria generally perform creature penance and in this way may see creatures in a not exactly moral way. Theory 2. The event of abusive behavior at home and creature misuse might be associated. In the event that household misuse is progressively conspicuous in a specific race, at that point creature misuse should likewise be. Asylum ladies were bound to report that their accomplices had taken steps to hurt their pets (Ascione, Weber, Wood, 1997). So as to lead an examination to investigate this speculation, one would need to limit the investigation to either household abusers or survivors of residential maltreatment as of late the connection between creature cold-bloodedness and family viciousness has caught the consideration of sociologists, analysts, criminologists, and officials (Faver, Strand, 2003). The most ideal approach to this examination is work inside around 4 ladies' sanctuaries. These asylums would should be a decent separation separated from each other so as to widen the socioeconomics of the examination. Once picking up authorization from the asylum and its living arrangement, one would need to

Lean Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lean Management - Essay Example From the examination it tends to be appreciated that the models and ideas which impact the valuing choices of a firm are the board bookkeeping choices. The valuing system of a firm is impacted by a few components which incorporate the fixed and variable expenses of the firm and the ecological elements which incorporate lawful examination and contender investigation. A portion of the particular ideas in cost bookkeeping are lean bookkeeping, asset utilization bookkeeping, move valuing and so on. Producers need to consider different fields like the gracefully chain process, the benefits hazard to minimal effort and so on while deciding a proper costing methodology for the firm. The term Lean Management implies the rules that are utilized for lean creation. The fundamental thought of the idea of lean assembling is to decrease the wastages brought about in any structure in the firm. The wastages of the firm which can be limited using Lean Management standards are the imperfections underw ay as there is no appropriate utility of the item. The overproduction factor in firms as a rule prompts abundance completed stock, unseemly stock control and the proficient less creation framework utilized. The idea of Lean Management is a subsidiary of the Toyota Production Systems (TPS). The TPS arrangement decreases the time hole between the customers’ request and the conveyance to the client. The JIT arrangement of stock likewise helps in nil wastage of stocks. Asset utilization bookkeeping is a kind of standard based administration bookkeeping which furnishes the supervisors with a choice continue framework for the association. Another idea which influences the valuing choice is move estimating. Move valuing is very appropriate if there should be an occurrence of the assembling associations. Move valuing helps in decreasing the working expenses and furthermore helps in bringing down the successful duty cost of worldwide activities. â€Å"Using move evaluating financial matters to delineate the exchanges in which the new plant will take an interest, with providers and clients just as with related gatherings, uncovers covered up opportunities† (Transfer Pricing in the Automotive Industry 2006, p. 3). Asset utilization bookkeeping is another model which furnishes chiefs with sufficient administration bookkeeping framework so as to help valuing or costing choices in a firm. This idea was uncommonly created for cutting edge producing. The asset based cost bookkeeping includes assets, their costs, the amount based displaying, the cost conduct. Lean administration bookkeeping and Toyota Production System are the most appropriate models which can be rapidly and valuably applied in Maniac Plc. The lean administration framework will be valuable in taking evaluating choices of the firm. â€Å"The lean administration framework is organized around three necessities of lean creation: key arranging, authoritative structure and human asset capabilitiesâ₠¬  (Jackson and Jones 1996, p. 18). 2) Maniac Plc rehearses both standard costing just as movement based costing framework. Standard costing and change costing are both costing types which assume a significant job in the executives bookkeeping. The standard costing framework is the estimation of the costs which are vital for the methodology of

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 30, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 01, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Stanislaw Pytel / Getty Images In people with bipolar disorder, mania and hypomania can comprise various symptoms, from reckless spending to sexual promiscuity. In addition, some more subtle symptoms may also occur, such as the belief held by some patients  that everything occurring around them is related somehow to them when in fact it isnt.?? This symptom is known as ideas of reference. An extension of those irrational beliefs, delusions of reference, can cause patients to change their behavior significantly because of this mistaken belief. These two symptomsâ€"ideas of reference and delusions of referenceâ€"can affect people in very different ways. For example, a man might believe that secret messages about him are broadcast in a weekly television show, to the point where he records the programs and watches them again and again. Meanwhile, a woman might be convinced that all the notices posted on boards outside churches are aimed directly at her, which frightens her so much that she refuses to leave the house. Ideas of Reference vs. Delusions of Reference Some clinicians and researchers use the terms ideas of reference and delusions of reference interchangeably. Other sources differentiate between the two, saying that ideas of reference have less impact on the persons life as a whole. Whereas ideas of reference are real events that are internalized personally, delusions of reference are not based in reality. However, ideas of reference may act as a precursor to delusions of reference.   Many people will experience passing thoughts or ideas of reference. For example, you go to a party and just for a minute honestly believe everyone is whispering about you. This is within the scope of normal human behavior unless it happens to you constantly. Its when these thoughts cross the line outside of actual facts or events (when you believe people you dont even know are whispering about you, and you proceed to hide out at home because of this) that the thoughts turn into delusions. The 3 Criteria for Delusion Karl Jaspers, a German-Swiss psychiatrist, described the main criteria for a true delusion in a groundbreaking 1913 book, General Psychology??. They include: Certainty (the person is convinced the delusion is real).Incorrigibility (the person cannot be convinced otherwise or have the belief shaken in any way).Impossibility (the delusion is bizarre and not real at all). Some people have only occasional, random delusions of reference, while others have them all the time. If delusional thoughts occur for more than one month and they involve events that actually could happen (such as being followed, infected with a disease, or loved at a distance), delusional disorder is the diagnosis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMâ€"5) clarifies the criteria for delusional disorder, which may appear in people with Bipolar disorder. Specifically, the DSM-5 specifies that those with the disorder may have nonbizarre delusions, meaning what you’re imagining is happening could really happen (such as being followed).?? The key difference between delusions of reference and delusional disorder is delusions of reference are most definitely not real while the thoughts in delusional disorder could possibly be real (although theyre quite unlikely). Other Types of Delusions Bizarre delusions have no possibility or basis to happen in reality.Delusions of control mean that a patients thoughts, feelings, and actions are not his or her own, but instead originate from some external force or person.Depressive delusions are marked by a predominant depressive mood. These might include delusions involving a serious illness, poverty or spousal infidelity. Treatment Antipsychotic medications can help with delusions of reference, as can counseling and psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help people reframe their thoughts and explore logical explanations for their line of thinking. Find Help With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Art of the Freshman Essay Boring From Within

In a speech delivered half a century ago, English professor Wayne C. Booth described the characteristics of a formulaic essay assignment: I know of a high school English class in Indiana in which the students are explicitly told that their paper grades will not be affected by anything they say; required to write a paper a week, they are graded simply on the number of spelling and grammatical errors. What is more, they are given a standard form for their papers: each paper is to have three paragraphs, a beginning, a middle, and an end— or is it an introduction, a body, and a conclusion? The theory seems to be that if the student is not troubled about having to say anything, or about discovering a good way of saying it, he can then concentrate on the truly important matter of avoiding mistakes.(Wayne C. Booth, Boring From Within: The Art of the Freshman Essay. Speech to the Illinois Council of College Teachers of English, 1963) The inevitable result of such an assignment, he said, is a bag of wind or a bundle of received opinions. And the victim of the assignment is not only the class of students but the poor teacher who imposes it on them: I am haunted by the picture of that poor woman in Indiana, week after week reading batches of papers written by students who have been told that nothing they say can possibly affect her opinion of those papers. Could any hell imagined by Dante or Jean-Paul Sartre match this self-inflicted futility? Booth was quite aware that the hell he described was not confined to a single English class in Indiana. By 1963, formulaic writing (also called theme writing  and the five-paragraph essay) was well established as the norm in high school English classes and college composition programs throughout the U.S. Booth went on to propose three cures for those batches of boredom: efforts to give the students a sharper sense of writing to an audience, efforts to give them some substance to express, and efforts to improve their habits of observation and of approach to their task—what might be called improving their mental personalities. So, how far have we come over the past half century? Lets see. The formula now calls for five paragraphs rather than three, and most students are allowed to compose on computers. The concept of a three-pronged thesis statement - one in which each prong will then be further explored in one of the three body paragraphs - requires a slightly more sophisticated expression of substance. More significantly, research in composition has become a major academic industry, and the majority of instructors receive at least some training in the teaching of writing. But with larger classes, the inexorable rise of standardized testing, and the increasing reliance on part-time faculty, dont most of todays English instructors still feel compelled to privilege formulaic writing? While the basics of essay structure is, of course, a foundational skill that students must learn before expanding into larger essays, the hemming in of students to such formulas means that they fail to develop critical and creative thinking skills. Instead, students are taught to value form over function, or not to understand the link between form and function. There is a difference between teaching structure and teaching to a formula. Teaching structure in writing means teaching students how to craft a thesis statement and supporting arguments, why a topic sentence matters, and what a strong conclusion looks like. Teaching formula means teaching students that they must have a specific type of sentence or number of citations in a specific section, more of a paint-by-numbers approach. The former gives a foundation; the latter is something that has to be un-taught later on. Teaching to a formula may be easier in the short run, but it fails to educate students on how to truly write effectively, especially once they are asked to write a longer, more sophisticated essay than a five-paragraph high school essay question. The form of an essay is intended to serve the content. It makes arguments clear and concise, highlights the logical progression, and focuses the reader on what the main points are. Form is not formula, but it is often taught as such. The way out of this impasse, Booth said in 1963, would be for legislatures and school boards and college presidents to recognize the teaching of English for what it is: the most demanding of all teaching jobs, justifying the smallest sections and the lightest course loads. Were still waiting. More About Formulaic Writing EngfishThe Five-Paragraph EssayTheme WritingWhats Wrong With the Five-Paragraph Essay?

The And Of The Light Brigade By Alfred Lord Tennyson

Throughout history, authors have responded to historical events like the war through different genres of literature from novels to poems. In this paper; I will look at how Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, September 1st, 1939 by Wystan Hugh Auden and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson respond to various historical events. A comparison between these texts will show the many similarities and differences in how they respond to the theme of war. In addition to this, I will examine the literary techniques used to reveal the different aspect of war. Although these texts deal with different historical events of warfare, an analysis of them shows that they focus on various aspects of war, the aftermath, the apathy of society and the tragic heroism of soldiers. The theme of war is the critical issue for these authors even though they highlight different aspects of it from various historical events. Virginia Woolf focuses on the aftermath of the first World War in her novel titled Mrs. Dalloway whereas Auden concentrates on the apathy of the American people who does not want to get involved with the situation in Europe at the beginning of the second World War. Lord Tennyson, on the other hand, brings out the heroism of the British brigade of six hundred men that died on the battlefield during the Crimean War. The setting of the Mrs. Dalloway takes place in London on a single day in June of 1923, but the author uses flashbacks to reveal events of the past. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson553 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson The second poem I an going to analyse is The Charge Of The Light Brigade, it is about the Crimean War. It is a famous Regiment of 600 men. The poem was written by Alfred Lord Tennyson. The poem was based on a newspaper account describing a battle. The article glorified the slaughter of men. The commander didnt understand the orders given to him to replace some guns held by the Russians and heRead MoreAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of The Change of the Light Brigade1883 Words   |  7 PagesAlfred, Lord Tennyson and the Meaning of â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade,† by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was one of the artists’ most famous poems because it memorialized a failed but valiant attack by the British cavalry during the Crimean war. The poem is an emotional tribute to bravery and gallantry in the face of devastation. It highlights the cavalry’s valor in courageously executing their orders, even despite being outnumbered and brutally defeated. ThroughoutRead MoreAnalysis of Lord Alfred Tennyson ´s The Charge of the Light Brigade561 Words   |  3 Pagesand well, into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of Hell.† That is an excerpt from Lord Alfred Tennysons Charge of the Light Brigade, a poem highlighting the honor and death of war. The poem was chosen for this close reading essay because it has always been a personal favorite. It talks of the real events of the Battle of Balaclava, yet speaks of the life all soldiers must live. The Charge of the Light Brigade is a fascinatin g poem, both in the way it is formed, to the details of why it was createdRead More To compare The Charge of the Light Brigade with The Destruction of665 Words   |  3 PagesTo compare The Charge of the Light Brigade with The Destruction of Sennacherib In this essay we are going to be comparing two war poems. They are ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) and ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’ by Lord Byron (1788-1824). ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ is set in the Crimean war. It is about the British cavalry getting the wrong orders and going straight at the enemy’s cannons. ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’ is a biblical Read MoreLord Tennyson Vs. Wilfred Owen Essay730 Words   |  3 Pagespoetry about war. Despite Charge of the Light Brigade by Lord Alfred Tennyson and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen were written in different centuries, they deal with the subject of war and describe the ups and downs of it. On one hand, Alfred Tennyson heard of the charge made by the light brigade and it was when he wrote his poem with no experience of the event. However, Wilfred Owen actually fought in the First World War, and wrote, unlike Lord Tennyson, from his own experience. AlthoughRead MoreConcerning His Poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’S Work Relies1003 Words   |  5 PagesConcerning his poems, Alfred Lord Tennyson’s work relies on an extensive thematic scheme. In Tennyson’s poem, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†, a number of themes are present including heroism, honor, patriotism, and loyalty. Put together, Tennyson tells the story of a cavalry brigade facing their destiny head on. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† tells the story of a cavalry battle that took place during the Crimean War. The poem begins by throwing the audience directlyRead MoreThe Charge of the Light Brigade600 Words   |  3 Pages The poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† by Alfred Lord Tennyson is about a battle in which a commander commits a faux pas and orders his men to move forward with an defensive strategy that would result with their imminent death. As the poem goes on it tells us that we should honor these men because although they knew their leader had made a life altering decision, they carried through with it due to the fact that he was their leader. Tennyson uses personification, metaphor, imagery, symbolismRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. W hat images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MoreThe Heroism Of The Men1328 Words   |  6 Pagesaftermath are never pretty unless penned by authors who never step into a battlefield. Lives are lost, our fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters have all sacrificed for their causes. Lord Alfred Tennyson romanticized the of notion war and of the battle that was fought on the battlefield in his poem The Charge of the Light Brigade, subsequently, the intent of battle was for the glory of a cause or nation and to remember the bravery of those who fought. On the other, hand Wilfred Owen s poem Dulce et DecorumRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesfacts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was written to memorialise the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war (1854 - 56) he wrote it ten years

Guitars the History, Types, and Influence Free Essays

Ariana Kecskes Mrs. Densmore English 9/10 March 11, 2013 Guitars Guitars have been around since the Renaissance. In the late 1400’s, the classical guitar was created. We will write a custom essay sample on Guitars: the History, Types, and Influence or any similar topic only for you Order Now This instrument was known as an â€Å"outcast†, never being played in concerts. Later on, the Spanish guitar was created; the early versions of this were known to have a unique sting layout because they had four sets of two strings. In the 1500’s a fifth set of strings were added to this guitar. Well into the 1500’s, the guitar began to be played in performances. This made guitars more famous, and caused better and improved designs to be made. Many people began to play the guitar, including Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Jackson. Finally, in the 1850’s the modern design for an acoustic guitar was made by C. F. Martin. In the 1800’s, many modern design of guitars evolved from the Italian and French models. People invented new techniques of playing the guitar including, playing and tuning all at once. In the late 1800’s, Orville Gibson began building arch top guitars. Over 78 thousand guitars were made in the year, 1900. The 20th century was a very prosperous time for the guitar. Manufacturers began making steel-stringed guitars which are popular today. In 1931, the first electric guitar was created; they called it â€Å"The Frying Pan†, due to its round shape. However, electric guitars were not popular until 1936, when Gibson made a famous electric model, the ES-150. Later on, guitar crafters made the â€Å"Solid Body Guitar†, because of bad reports on their previous models. Fender created â€Å"The Broadcaster† in 1949, which was the first largely produced guitar. In 1952, Gibson created the popular â€Å"Les Paul†. Fender and Gibson both went on creating guitars almost as in a competition. By the 1960’s, the guitar was fully matured. Gibson produced another electric guitar model in 1961, the ES-335. This was a semi-hollow body guitar.. The Strat and the SG were very popular guitars, especially in the 1960’s. How to cite Guitars: the History, Types, and Influence, Papers

The Organization and Situation Analysis Samples for Students.

Question: The Management Skills to Extract Relevant Details When Conducting Strategic Analysis ? Answer : Introduction The meeting with CEO of Cocoa Delights has provided some valuable insights about the present state of affairs in light of which the marketing initiatives of the organisation, both present and future, have been analysed and evaluated. Upon analysis, few suggestions have been provided. Present state of the organisation and situation analysis Cocoa Delights is in the business of manufacturing and marketing gourmet dark chocolates having a chain of 15 stores in the city of Melbourne, Australia, and specialises in manufacturing products from handmade dark chocolate. Mission, Purpose, Vision and Values Vision: Manufacture and market gourmet dark chocolates through a chain of 15 stores Melbourne and specialise in handmade dark chocolate products. Mission: To become the national retail brand satisfying customers with an array of unique, superior quality dark chocolates through expansion of retail chain across the country along with providing excellent customer service. Values: The mission is guided by following major values Maintain exceptionally high quality of products Emphasis on superior quality of customer service Enhance customer satisfaction through quality and uniqueness of products Strong on research, development, innovation and creativity for bringing in unique products Committed towards employee growth and development through encouragement of self-directed teams, promoting leadership, and providing a safe work environment. Promotion of stakeholders values through adherence to professional and ethical standards of conduct. Purpose: Maximise stakeholders value by becoming a nation-wide reputed retail brand in the chocolate manufacturing industry along with offering significant value to the customers by encouraging maintainable environmental practices. Strategic Direction and Objective Strategic Direction Become a national brand Expand and strengthen retail foothold Gain excellence in customer service Objective: The objective of the Company is To become a national retail brand, from a regional brand, presenting a range of exceptional, superior quality dark chocolate for its customers over the next 5 years. To expand its retail chain by increasing the number of retail stores in Melbourne to 22 and establishing 100 stores across Australia by 2016. To provide incomparable customer service from the highly skilled and dedicated staff. Higher revenue generation and expansion of profit margin to enhance stakeholders value Environment Analysis It is necessary to understand both internal and external environment of the Company before evaluating its marketing strategies. PESTLE Analysis Political: Imposition of taxes are decided by the contemporary government. The relative stability of the Government imparts stability to the business environment. Imposition of import duty on chocolates imposes cost on all those industry players who have their manufacturing plants located outside Australia. Presently rate is 5% (Pitney Bowes, 2017). GST is levied at 10% (Sivasailam, 2010). Chocolate and confectionery manufacturers continue to draw advantages from the politicization efforts and public relations initiatives undertaken by apex industry organisations such as Confectionery Manufacturers of Australasia (CMA)(Sivasailam, 2010). Economic: Economic factors which normally influence businesses include level of employment, confidence of the consumers, prevalent of interest and the existing levels of inflation (Sadhye, 2014). Economic recession, declining disposable incomes of the masses, volatility in commodity prices and rising import competition all have the potential to adversely impact the industry which had remain resilient to these challenges (Sivasailam, 2010). Social: Increasing instances of obesity, diabetes especially among children and young adults (PESTLEANALYSIS CONTRIBUTOR, 2014) had impacted demand for chocolates adversely all-round the globe and Australia has been no exception Technological: Technological factors consisting of technical aspects such as Research Developmental activities, automation of production methodologies, new production methodologies, knowledge incentives and the rate of change in technology (Sadhye, 2014). The industry has benefitted from rationalisation and improved technology in terms of higher productivity (Sivasailam, 2010). Legal: Perception of the Australian regulatory requirements are the key to successfully running any business within the country. These guidelines are designed in a manner that guarantees fair competition, adequate fortification for the related parties, and veracity of the market. Business laws in Australia are simple and flexible thereby making the exercise of starting a business in the country simple and easy for all (Sadhye, 2014). Prohibitions related to shipping, food safety standards and norms, limitations regarding packaging of products or special packaging norms are likely to apply to articles that have to be kept in a temperature controlled location and hence affect the industry (Pitney Bowes, 2017). Environmental: Regulations related to dumping and disposal of waste products have a bearing on the manufacturing techniques that are adopted by the industry. Growing environmental concerns have also been the reason behind innovation in packaging material. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyers is pretty strong owing to the availability of wide array of products from regional, national and international players leading to low levels of consumer loyalty Bargaining power of sellers: Significantly low due to presence of large number of players both local and international and low brand loyalty of customers due to insignificant switching costs (koujok, 2013). Threat of new entry: Moderate due to high initial capital requirement, strong governmental regulations pertaining to the food industry, requirement of special expertise and knowledge for offering wide range of products (koujok, 2013). Threat of Substitutes: Growing due to increasing health consciousness among the consumers preferring healthier alternatives such as fruits (IBISWorld, 2016). Rivalry among existing players: High due to price wards, advertising campaigns, quality and range of products and high costs of storage (koujok, 2013). Legal Ethical Requirements The discussion with the CEO revealed that the government intends to have the country of manufacture visibly mentioned on imported products. A practice that has been long followed by Cocoa Delights as is proudly presents itself as all Australian made contrary to the practices followed by some of its competitors who continue selling their chocolate products which have been imported from countries that have poor reputation as far as quality and employment ethics are concerned. The Company is legally and ethically bound to provide and health and safe working environment to its employees, provide superior quality of products following food safety and security regulations and maintain high quality of inputs and high quality and hygienic manufacturing conditions. Impact of the organisational strategic direction on current marketing activities The Company will concentrate on gaining national presence through expansion of its retail chain by scaling up of the number of Cocoa Delights stores across the country starting with Melbourne and it is undertaking nation-wide advertisement campaign for which it will employ larger advertising agencies that have a wide national reach. Cocoa Delights is an already established brand in Melbourne. It will be foraying into capital cities across the nation and for that an aggressive campaign and strong PR initiatives are absolutely imperative. The Company is aware of the socio-economic environment and it is making all efforts at strengthening its advertising campaign and PR initiatives to establish itself as a popular brand in gourmet chocolate. It has spent heavily on radio advertising, magazine and direct advertising campaigns. The broadband rollout would be a part of Cocoa Delights internet marketing strategy. SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is used quite frequently as a strategic means to permit an exhibition of the organisational resources and competences, which have the possibility of further development for enhancing the companys competitive advantage. A SWOT analysis consequently reinforces the development of forthcoming strategic opportunities (Metzger, 2014). Positives Negatives Internal Factors Strengths 1. Strong regional presence 2. High customer loyalty 3. Creativity and innovation in product offering 4. Committed to sustainable environmental practices 5. Completely indigenously manufactured with no imported inputs 6. Sourcing finest cocoa beans at highly competitive prices provides input cost advantages and generates superior customer value Weaknesses 1. Predominantly regional brand 2. Stores having high electricity usage which is not encouraged by the new government regulations External Factors Opportunities 1. Australian chocolate and confectionery industry is expected to grow by 2.2% in 2011-12 and continue to grow steadily over the next 5 years (Culliney, 2012). 2. Increasing popularity and consumption of premium quality of dark chocolates due to apparent health benefits (Euromonitor International, 2016). 3. New Government regulation mandating clear mentioning of the country of manufacture on imported products. 4. Higher spending capacity of new and younger generation can have a positive effect on demand for an array of products (K?z?l, et al., 2013) Threats 1. Rising consumers apprehensions about the quantity of fat and sugar in diets have resulted in debilitated demand for chocolates (IBISWorld, 2016) 2. Environment sustainability emphasised by government has heightened need for environment friendly manufacturing practices, bio-degradable packaging, responsible waste management etc increasing costs and difficulties 3. Buyers power is high owing to availability of large number of regional, national and international brands leading to low customer loyalty. 4. Rising price of inputs fuelled by volatile commodity prices (Culliney, 2012) which adversely impacts the companys ability to withstand costs especially with respect to greater commitment to environmental and social responsibilities such as CSR initiatives, in addition to maintaining profit targets. Performance against established objectives The Company has been able to meet its store growth and sales growth targets. However, the gross profit margins are yet to reach the target and presently remain at 46% which is quite low compared to the upper limit for gourmet chocolate and hot beverages, which the Company envisages would be at a typical gross profit of 63%. The Company has also been successful in establishing its brand as 58% of people covered by the target market can easily are aware of and familiar with the Cocoa Delights brand and the products represented by it. Critical success factors The major contributors to success would be Sales Expansion Loyal and strong customer base Cost Effectiveness of advertising and PR initiatives Lessons learned The radio advertising although successful at expanding sales entailed huge costs as the project was unplanned. Such unplanned expenses can create pressure on the profit margins. It is necessary to make provision of certain unplanned expenses so that at least part of it can be covered though prior allocation of fund which will ensure the Company does not have to incur loans to cover these costs which will generate additional interest burden thereby pulling down the profit. Recommendations The Company should try and roll out its internet based advertising campaign as early as possible since it will have widest nationwide reach. The Company should actively pursue digital marketing to achieve its objective of nation-wide promotion campaign. It is also advisable to plan in advance. Unplanned expenses of small amount can happen occasionally. But large unplanned expenses could result in cashflow problem for the company. The Company should try to develop products in the low-priced mass consumption segment as unemployment is on the rise indicating a declining purchasing power. Premium segment might suffer. Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that Cocoa Delights existing marketing initiatives have been in line with the Companys declared objectives but it has not been able to meet all its targets. Judicious planning and aggressive PR and advertising initiatives especially through digital marketing using the internet will yield the desired result mush faster than other routes. References Culliney, K., 2012. Tasty innovation ensures resilience in cash-strapped, health-conscious Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.confectionerynews.com/Markets/Tasty-innovation-ensures-resilience-in-cash-strapped-health-conscious-Australia [Accessed 29 April 2017]. Euromonitor International, 2016. Chocolate Confectionery in Australia, s.l.: Euromonitor International. IBISWorld, 2016. Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/manufacturing/food-product/chocolate-confectionery-manufacturing.html [Accessed 29 April 2017]. K?z?l, D. C., Eddy, V., Clary, L. Crowell, K., 2013. Hersheys Entry to the Australian Market with a New Brand: An Accounting and Marketing Perspective. Emerging Markets Journal, 3(2), pp. 96-126. koujok, A., 2013. Chocolate industry porter 5 forces. [Online] Available at: https://prezi.com/z-z8ltl86ual/chocolate-industry-porter-5-forces/ [Accessed 29 April 2017]. Metzger, K., 2014. Business analysis of UK supermarket industry.. 23 MArch. PESTLEANALYSIS CONTRIBUTOR, 2014. PEST ANALYSIS OF CADBURY. [Online] Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/pest-analysis-cadbury/ [Accessed 28 April 2017]. Pitney Bowes, 2017. Import duty taxes for Chocolate - other. [Online] Available at: https://www.dutycalculator.com/dc/129263279/home-garden/groceries/chocolate-other/import-duty-rate-for-importing-chocolate-other-from-united-states-to-australia-is-5/ [Accessed 29' April 2017]. Sadhye, T., 2014. Pestle analysis for doing business in australia.. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/tushars650/pestle-analysis-doing-business-in-australia-39831072 [Accessed 29 April 2017]. Sivasailam, N., 2010. Chocolate and Confectionery, s.l.: IBISWorld.

Joseph Stalin foreign policies

Introduction Joseph Stalin was born in the year 1879 in Georgia and was an influential politician in Soviet State from the year 1922 until he died in 1953 (Imdb.com).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joseph Stalin foreign policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During this time, Stalin served â€Å"as the first general secretary of the communist party of the Soviet union’s central committee† (Imdb.com) and he managed to consolidate more authority and power in his governance until he become dominant over all other political groups within this party. As a result of his outstanding policies, Stalin geared the soviet State towards achieving major transformation and the country become a â€Å"great industrial power† causing swift economical changes to occur (Imdb.com). Stalin’s policies Foreign policies are combined strategies which a State or a country designs and pursues in order to safe guard its concerns and interests within the international arena (Foreignpolicy.com). As such, Joseph Stalin had developed specific policies in order to ensure that Soviet Union was successful in many areas primarily in national security. Throughout his reign, Stalin took necessary measures to develop strategies which enabled him maintain power while on the other hand safeguarding the interest of his country (Foreignpolicy.com). Joseph Stalin was obsessed with power and for this reason he wanted to be in a position where he can command and control everything; he therefore developed different strategies such as policies to maintain political power, policies to enable Soviet State acquire economically stability so that the country could become superior over its enemies and policies to safeguard the interest of the nation (Foreignpolicy.com). Discussion Foremost, when Joseph Stalin came into power, he formulated policies which would enable him stay in power for a long time by eliminatin g all the people who worked in the previous administration while replacing this group of employees with his own people and friends (Histclo.com). Thereafter, Stalin also initiated a revolutionary wave which would see the Soviet Union acquire higher level of economical stability driven by the industrialization process (Histclo.com). During this industrialization process, there were major developments in the Soviet state and the government was fully able to control all sectors of the country including the most important sectors such as the treasury department because of Stalin hold on power. This firm control was necessary for Stalin’s administration because it enabled the government to direct funds in developing capable and strong military defense that Stalin needed to advance his military policy that was meant to be both defensive and aggressive (Imdb.com). Additionally, as a result of the high level of industrialization, the Soviet Union became self sufficient and very devel oped in terms of military power as the country was generating sophisticated and high standard military weapons to further its foreign military policy.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stalin also strengthened the country’s army in other ways through quality training of the country’s Red army which was intended to function as preemptive and preparative strategies in case of conflict outbreak between itself and its German neighbors or other countries such as Japan (Imdb.com). Just before the outbreak of Second World War, Stalin had established a policy to increase the number of military officers and by the year 1939 he had made sure that the population of army in the country had increased tremendously; in fact about 1.9 million of the population was army officers (Britannica.com). This ensured that the state was fully prepared to preempt any military attack especially form the Germans (Britannica.com). In this regard it is good to understand that just before the year 1930, Stalin had not developed a good foreign policy for his country, but since he was an ambitious person, Stalin did everything within his power to prepare his country for any eventuality of war which ultimately occurred. As a commanding leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin also developed several foreign strategies aimed at protecting the interests of the Soviet State apart from the military end (Britannica.com). Towards this end, Stalin established several strategies that ensured his country become recognized as an aggressive power. He then advanced a policy to protect the land of the Soviet State which was the basis of the countries saying that stated â€Å"we do not want a single foot of foreign territory, but we will not surrender a single inch of our territory either† (Histclo.com) in which he was quoted saying during one of his many speeches to his people (Histclo.com). This particular policy was adopted by Stalin just few months before the outbreak of World War II (Britannica.com). After this policy, Stalin desire to protect his country made him develop a much better foreign policy that was reconciliatory in nature which enabled Soviet Union to pursue open dialogues with most of the neighboring countries in order to build good relationship with these countries so that they could become allies in case of an outbreak in war (Foreignpolicy.com). Therefore during this time, Stalin developed policies that were both defensive and reconciliatory by strengthening the military while at the same time pursuing a policy that intended to befriend its neighboring countries. Indeed, Stalin developed about four major foreign policies which served as effective instrument of promoting strong military and good relationship with its neighbors. The first was to build up a good business relationship with all neighbor countries so that Soviet Union could win their trust by e ngaging with them in trade. The second strategy was to avoid any form of conflict or argument between Soviet Union and the neighboring countries so as to maintain strong bonds of friendship (Foreignpolicy.com).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joseph Stalin foreign policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third policy was to create a strong Red army and navy in order to facilitate reinforcement of the military force and also enable the defense mechanism to be ready to handle attackers from every side at any given time. Lastly Stalin developed another policy of creating good relationship with all foreigners living in his country whilst also ensuring good international bonds were maintained with its allies (Foreignpolicy.com). It is clear that, Joseph Stalin was a strategist and through his scheming he also ensured that treaties of all the above agreements that furthered the country’s policies were sign ed by the neighboring countries as a mark of commitment to these goals. Stalin also created foreign policies that addressed other countries policies that were being made by its enemies such as Poland and German; because he responded to this by pursuing policies that intended to make allies from its friendly countries. Pros and cons of Joseph Stalin During the period when Joseph Stalin was in authority, the Soviet Union experienced major transformations such as industrialization, economical development and good military defense which are among the most positive achievements of Commander Joseph Stalin as discussed below during his reign (Foreignpolicy.com). Since Stalin was an ambitious person, he did everything within his power to ensure that the Soviet Union would become a superior state. Therefore, during his reign, Stalin developed a strong team in his government that helped in facilitating urbanization of the Soviet Union to become more industrialized than ever before (Histclo.co m). This is because Stalin was very determined to make the Soviet Union acquire higher level of industrialization despite the internal pressure which was opposing his initiatives. Stalin sold much of the agricultural products all over the land so that he could be able to acquire funds that would facilitate his government in supporting this project. This is no doubt one of the many achievements that Joseph Stalin achieved because of the great desire to have his country become much superior as well; this is one of his greatest achievements (Histclo.com). In addition, Joseph Stalin enabled the country to acquire economical stability due to the major developments that he facilitated in the industrial sector. Because of the higher level of industrialization acquired by the Soviet State, the country was able to be of economical influence over other neighboring countries in the region (Foreignpolicy.com). Furthermore, Stalin also was able to develop a strong and capable military defense wh ich he invested heavily in order to safeguard the interest of the Soviet State. During this period, Stalin invested heavily in strengthening the Red army in every front such as by increasing training for the navy and airborne officers. Besides this, Stalin also advocated for increase in the number of army soldiers in order to ensure that the country was ready to face its enemies during war outbreak which had by then became imminent (Histclo.com).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite of all these achievements, Joseph Stalin as a leader of the Soviet Union also negatively affected the country because of his foreign policies as well as his internal policies and his great ambitions to acquire more power. While trying to develop an industrialized State, Stalin had to sell a lot of agricultural products such as wheat from the farmers which eventually caused a great famine and consequently caused a mass death of Soviets citizens due to lack of enough food in the country (Foreignpolicy.com). Furthermore, while imposing his policies, Stalin violated the right and freedom to religion by abolishing all religious activities across the nation (Foreignpolicy.com). Works Cited Britannica.com. â€Å"Joseph Stalin (prime minister of Union of Soviet.† Web.. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Stalin Foreignpolicy.com. â€Å"Stalin statue in Virginia a huge bust†. 2010. Web. Histclo.com â€Å"Biography : Joseph Stalin, 2009†. Web. https://www. histclo.com/bio/s/bio-stalin.html Imdb.com. â€Å"Biography for Joseph Stalin†. 1998. Web. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0821672/bio Stel.ru. â€Å"Joseph Stalin Biography, 2004†. Web. This essay on Joseph Stalin foreign policies was written and submitted by user Dakota Glenn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Concepts of Dangerous and natural energy

Concepts of Dangerous and natural energy Introduction Earthquakes are one of the major disasters in the world today. They have claimed thousands of lives in the recent years and rendered many more homeless.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Dangerous and natural energy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Depending on the magnitude of the earthquake; they can be very destructive. For instance; Haiti was hit with one with a magnitude of 7.0. It brought buildings to the ground, cut off communication of Haiti with the rest of the world leaving them quite helpless. Earthquakes An earthquake can be described as the uneven shaking of the earths rocks that leads to breakages. They are as a result of energy release from the earth crust. Ansary, M. A. (1995) claims that during the release of the energy the country experienced seismic waves that eventually lead to tremors. The earth is divided into four major layers, these include: the crust, inner core, outer core and the mantle. If movement occurs in the lower layers of the earth the surface of the earth is disrupted as the displacement is experienced all the way to the top. The degree of shaking of an area is determined by the seismic activity of the area. Seismic activity is the type and size of earthquake that a place experiences. The point which an earthquake is generated is referred to as a hypocenter. The intensity of earthquake can be measured using the seismograph which has a Richter scale to determine the magnitude of the earthquake. The Richter scale was invented by Charles Richter. After the invention of the Richter scale it was followed by the invention of Mercalliscale by an Italian volcanologist called Giuseppe Mercalli in 1884 and 1906. Theseismometers are usually located in different areas so as to record any slight movement in the earth’s crust. There are three types of earthquake which are grouped according their occurrence. They include the volcanic, tectonic, explosion and collapse earthquake. The most common cause of an earthquake is the tectonic plate movement. This occurs when the continental plates move either towards each other causing compression of the plates or move away from each other thus building up tensional forces which causes earth movements. While there are those that slide past each other causing shearing of the earth’s crust. These plate movements are what lead to an earthquake. A small percentage of earthquakes occur as a result of volcanic activities and explosions.Advertising Looking for essay on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Spence, W. Sipkin, G. L. (1989) has suggested that in the United States, earthquake activities are being experienced along the borders of the continent, areas which border the pacific and the Atlantic oceans. The eastern side of the continent has a high probability of experiencing an earthquake within the next fifty years. These areas include the California region, along the San Andreas Fault. Some states likely to experience earthquake include Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Ohio,Indiana,Maine,Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. In the world, the distribution of the earthquake has been found to be mainly on the plate boundaries. At these boundaries faults are usually formed. These faults limit the movement of the continental plate. After a while the other plates moved far enough as the plate which was left behind detaches itself from the fault causing an earthquake. This released energy usually spread to the main land through its seismic waves, that’s why even those away from the plate boundaries are likely to experience it.One of the latest earthquakes was on 7th of December in Komandorskiye in Russia region with a magnitude of 5.8. If I would be forced to live in places with the high chances of experiencing earthquake like California, I would not like this is because it not only destroys our property but also poses quite a great risk to our lives. This is because earthquakes are known to be very disastrous. Some other disadvantages of living in earthquake prone areas; is that it has madeinsuring of property quite expensive. When living in these earthquake prone areas, there is need to use the USGS resources so as to be prepared for any disaster which is likely to happen. These disaster preparedness are like, there should first be disaster readiness awareness within the family. There should be a communication devices at all times so as to enquire among themselves whether they are okay. They should have a reliable source of information concerning the frequency of occurrence and when it is likely to occur. With the same information channel they should be able to pass any information of any suspicious activities which might occur within their home. The family should also have a first aid kit, fire extinguishers and some tools like a hammer, axe and a crowbar in case they are trapped. They should also avoid crowded places so as to avoid stampedes and suffocation in case they are trapped. In history the two most destructive earthquake occurrences were in Eastern Sichuan, China which led to 87,587deaths and a lot of properties was destroyed and the Haiti region which had 222,570 deaths and a lot properties destroyed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Dangerous and natural energy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rate of casualties as compared the magnitude of the earthquake has quite improved due to the modern prediction mechanisms and the information has been very useful to the people because they can now be prepared thus reducing more casualties when it occurs. Scientist are doing all they can to be able to ascertain the occurrence of an earthquake and also its magnitude, but as we know, natural disasters including an earthquake is beyond human ab ilities, no matter the equipment a state can have, they cannot be stopped or prevented. With the aid of the seismograms the scientist have been able to locate where the earthquake is happening, because by using the equipment, they are able to see both the P wave and the S wave in case one of them occurs. They eventually find the exact location using the triangulation method, where three seismograms are used. This equipment came up so as to have an early detection and provide emergency responses to those affected thus reducing the number of deaths. Just like the earth’s crust releases its energy, so does also the food we consume. They both release energy in the form of heat, the body uses the food, to produce heat that is used to maintain its temperature (Watson, J. Watson, K. 1998). While deep into the earth’s crust there are atoms which collide against each other leading to release of energy which internmolten the rocks into magma. This magma increases the pressure in to the earth’s crust and is eventually released violently causing an earthquake. Conclusion All in all earthquake are so disastrous and since we have no power to control them, then we should put more measures to make them less destructive like putting up building designs which are less affected by the earthquake and also being fully prepared for a disaster. Reference List Ansary, M. A. (1995). Moheskhali Earthquake: A Damage Study, Journal of Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Spence, W. Sipkin, G. L. (1989).  Measuring the size of an earthquake.Deventer: Kluwer Law and taxation publishers.Advertising Looking for essay on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Watson, J. Watson, K. (1998). Volcanoes and Earthquakes. Oxford: Oxford University press.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example This study focuses on various aspects of Supply Chain Management and appropriate strategies to incorporate green and ethical and supply chain. But in this entire process the major questions one need to focus upon is that while implementing ethical and environmental practices , does the price on the clothing and the choices one can offer effect on pricing of the be affected or not. Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is the process to effectively supervise, control and administer the practice of extending goods and services to ultimate consumers. The objective and purpose of incorporating an ethical supply chain is to maintain a responsible logistic system whereby products and services are proliferated in the most ethical manner (Cousins, Lamming, Lawson, and Squire, 2008). The issues and concern of ethical supply management comprise of broad goals of ‘product supply’ along with the ‘means for the same’ that is the management tasks and activities. ... Introducing Green Supply Chain Management (Source: Penfield P, 2007) But the overall impact is that incorporation of ethical policies would in turn aor up the prices of goods as the ultimate cost burden of implementing advanced technology and achieving ethical standards will be passed on to the customers in form of increased pricing, hence it is difficult to make cheap gooods available at lowest pricing. The make-buy decision Sourcing of products from other countries has become major cause of concern for supermarkets as they enhance and aggravate chances of pollution. Supermarkets established in Great Britain have become a part of Ethical Trading Initiative so that their dedication and commitment towards sourcing of products can be socially acclaimed. Hence, the question has become critical whether products should be manufactured internally or sourced from other nations. It is clear that if supermarket is really concerned about incorporating ethical sourcing then it would certainly h ave to bear high costs. What needs to be done by Co-op supermarket is to apply a Green Sustainable Supply Chain within the domestic range of the organization that can provide abundant opportunities for the firm to reduce cost and create wider choice for its customers (Harrison, A & Van Hoek, 2008). However, if the organiation decides to manufacture goods locally rather than outsourcing them providing a large variety of goods to the customers would become a matter of concern, hence From a sustainable viewpoint, the supermarket can: Try to design and produce goods locally to the maximum extent possible Designing of smart packages that save cost to the company Whether make or buy, continuous environmental audits must be performed to compare and

Means of Dispute Settlement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Means of Dispute Settlement - Assignment Example It is highly advocated since it saves the expensive court fees and reduces the backlog of the court cases. Under the Arbitration Act, the judgment is valid and binding (Twomey and Jennings 26). In mediation, the mediator has no power to make judgment therefore acting neutral and as a messenger, in presentation of the offer made. However, the mediator might influence the plaintiff’s decisions by making statements or views that may affect the plaintiff’s choice. Mediation is an efficient process especially where none of the parties have any intention of lessening their attitudes towards each other (Twomey and Jennings 26). The reference to a third person is almost the same as mediation, though in this case the third party has implied powers to make a decision regarding the dispute in question. Since the third party is independent and neutral, the decision reached herein is enforceable and cannot be appealed further. The damages sought are fixed according to the judgment of the mediator (Twomey and Jennings 26). Basically, medarb is an alternative dispute resolution method which almost resembles the arbitration method. However in medarb, the arbitrator who was hearing the facts from both sides of the aggrieved parties; also acts as the mediator in that, he presents the offer made by the defendant so as the plaintiff can make a decision (Twomey and Jennings 26). In rent a judge, the parties involved voluntarily hire a judicial judge to hear their case. The hired judge acts as referee and hears the case as in the normal trial. After hearing of the case, the judge makes a decision which will be enforceable between the two parties. Unless, if stated in the contract clause; the judgment can be reversed through an appeal (Twomey and Jennings 27). If both parties belong to an association, the dispute is normally resolved by a tribunal formed by the associations. The tribunal is

Detailed models of strategic change management

Detailed models of strategic change management This unit helps would-be-managers to understand the nature of change and to cope with it. It gives an understanding about change and the ways to manage with it without disturbing the working of the organization. In this unit we have discussed the different definitions and models of change which have been given by thinkers in the past which helps in evaluating the relevance of models of strategic change to organizations in the current economy. As we proceed, we examine the need for change and assess the factors that are driving the need for it. Also, the resource implications are discussed which do not respond to strategic change. The theories given by Kotter, Prosci, Lewis and others are milestones of the research on change management. Their theories have helped in thorough understanding of change management. As the topic develops, it gives vital information on the reasons of change in markets, budget pressures, new technologies and other new programs such as TQM and re-engineering. All in all, the topic is an important resource on the factors and implications that bring change. Another unavoidable and inseparable resource of the organization is stakeholders of the company. The topic discusses about systems modelling, divergence and convergence and methods of involving them into organization. It is also quite obvious that change brings resistance; therefore this unit enables us to manage resistance giving a way to strategies such as communications, education, forums, etc. The entire work gives a clear picture of change management. All a manager needs is to understand the criteria and manage with a difference on the guidelines of the researchers. Task 1: Discuss the Models of Strategic Change There are many theories about how to manage change. Most of the theories originate with leadership and change management guru, John Kotter who is a professor at Harvard Business School and world renowned change expert. The following eight steps in the change process are his contribution. JOHN KOTTER: Eight steps to transforming an organization (Kotter.J, 1995) Establishing a sense of urgency Forming a powerful guiding coalition Creating a vision Communicating the vision Empowering others to act on the vision Planning and creating short term wins Consolidating improvements and producing still more change Institutionalising new approaches Kotters research gave a whole new way to managing change. A programme of planned change and improved performance developed by Lewin involves the management of a three-phase process of behaviour modification. Lewins Change Management Model Source: http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-lewin.htm Unfreeze- Reducing those forces which behaviour in its present form, recognition of the need for change and improvement to occur. Movement Development of new attitudes or behaviour and the implementation of change. Refreezing Stabilising change at the new level and reinforcement (Hardy 1996) A new culture should be created within the organization such that managers look to change as an opportunity and adapt their business system to continuously emerging conditions. (Hussey 2000) Proscis ADKAR Effective change management demands five key goals to form the basic ADKAR model: Awareness of the need to change Desire to participate and support the change Knowledge of how to change (and what change looks like) Ability to implement the change on a day-to-day basis Reinforcement to keep the change in place (Hiatt 2003) Proscis ADKAR Source: http://techotoys.com/qwxDnJu0J/ Action Research Action research refers to a way to look at ones own work practically and check as he would like it to be. Because research is done by the person himself or the practitioner, it is called practitioner based research. It is also referred to as a form of self reflective practice because it involves the person himself and his own work. (Hardy 1999) Action research Source: http://www.llas.ac.uk/projects/2837 Task 1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change to organizations in the current economy Teambuilding Consensus Strategic change models, as discussed above are the keys to success of any organization provided they are implemented in a sophisticated way. To achieve effective team decision making leadership, (Franzen 1994) describes Consensus Team Decision Making CTDM model which has three key pillars. Maintain high conceptual level Strive towards consensus Manage the decision making process Strategic interventions Types of interventions selected for a project although depend on variety; they are highly concentrated in a project. Strategic interventions are useful in situations like Rapid changes in the external environment Rapid or stagnant sales Increased competition Rapid expansion of markets Mergers and acquisitions (Lewin 2005) Decision Making Contingency Theory of Decision Making Decision participative contingency theory or the Normative Decision Theory is a model which says that the efficiency of a decision procedure depends on a number of aspects of the situation: the importance of decision quality and acceptance; the quantity of relevant information possessed by the leader and subordinates. (Fiedler 1999) In the autocratic style, the leader takes decisions without consulting others. (Lewin 2005) The participative style leadership, also known as participative democratic leadership style does the job of creating and maintaining healthy relationships between the employees and their leaders.(Kotter 2007) Proactive and Reactive (Whitehead 2006) PROACTIVE REACTIVE Needs to have and use own answers Understands the power of and uses team in solving problems Makes decisions by self Requests that team members make decisions Pushes for results Shares a vision so compelling the team wants to move towards it Reacts to change Foresees and influences change Teaches team to expect direction Teaches team to be self reliant Focuses on finding and fixing problems Focuses on achieving performance outcomes Quick to punish on mistakes Lets the team learn by errors Task 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in the organization The most important asset of any organization is human resource and strategic intervention helps them to adjust with the changing strategies of the organization and understand it.(George 1999). At Sapphire Beauty Box, it is vital to have a peaceful mind and sound behaviour as this profession deals with direct clientele. The method of strategic intervention assists the employees of Sapphire to find meanings to their life, discover what, and why they do and how to meet their needs in positive and negative ways which helps to promote sustainable change. (Hiatt 2006) Human Process Interventions: These are helpful in particular during change project in organizations where there are some combinations of many new employees, different cultures, working together, many conflicts, etc. Activities: Coaching, counseling, delegating, group learning, virtual teams, etc. ( Hiatt and Creasey 2003) Techno-structural Interventions: These interventions are helpful in particular for rapid growth but few internal systems to sustain growth, many complaints from customers, etc. Activities: Balanced scorecard, downsizing and out placing, ISO 9000, Six sigma, etc.(Kurt 2005) Human Resource Management interventions: These interventions are helpful in situations like establishment of new organizational goals, implementation of technology for a short time, low productivity, etc. Activities: Staffing, evaluating performance, career development, employee wellness programme (George 1999) Task 2.1 Examine the need for strategic change in the chosen organization Reasons for change Change in market: The United Kingdom is going through recession and there has been recession and the CPI annual inflation has rose to 3.3%. (London Business Times 2009). There has been increase in prices, job loss, bankruptcy and what not. Every business has gone through losses and needs to cover up their expenses. (Fiedler 1999). At this point of time, Sapphire needs to change accordingly to ease customers at their purse and still keep them coming. Economic downturns: Due to price rise, the raw material needed at the store is also become expensive. It is important to cover the costs by bringing about change in the organization. (Paul 1996) Customer Expectations: There is a very hard competition in the market especially in the beauty field. Customers get attracted to offers and it is not easy to get their confidence. To invest into customers, It is important to change the strategies accordingly. (Kotter and Cohen 2002) Competitive Edge: Competition is healthy but can be fatal if the strategies become too monotonous and outdated. There is need for change to face competition. (Kotter 1995) Sapphire needs to be updated with products and material being used by competitors and try to do better than other turning the tables towards them. (Kotter 2007) Mergers: The merger of the organization with another can lead to change in strategy as the new staff can have better ideas and plans to make the company a success. (Paul 1996). If Sapphire merges with another company to make it a success, it may have to revise the ways to do things. Change in mission: If the mission of the company changes, obviously there has to be a different strategy to deal with it. The mission of Sapphire is to fight ageing and make people look beautiful but now the market demands more of stress releasing treatments. So Sapphire needs to rethink about its strategy. (Franzen and Hardaker 1999) Task 2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change in an organization The Shifting Economy The economy is so very changing and dynamic. Due to the unpredictability of it, the organization is in constant need of change in the strategy and economic plan. This is more prevalent since recession Environmental factors There are certain environmental changes that have an effect on the production and sales. These changes are to be monitored and the demand of change arises. Financial pressure There occur financial pressures on the organizations, in order to meet deadlines and targets. In order to handle finances, there has to be a change in finance plans. This is where the need for change management occurs. Technological advances There has been drastic change in production, marketing, outsourcing and other fields due to technology. The organization needs upgrading and has to keep in pace with the technological advances to succeed in its mission and make way for growth. Keeping in mind the factors discussed above, there is a need for change. Funding cuts With the recession in the economy, the company has cut down on costs and funds. There is need for change in financial strategy to keep the balance. Competition Competition is a healthy asset for any business. To keep up to the standards and do better than others is very important, hence it is vital to keep a watch at what others are doing and bring change in the company accordingly. Task 2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organization not responding to strategic change Restructuring of HR- If the company does not respond to the changes as discussed above, it may have to face severe consequences and lose in the process. The organization will have to restructure the HR making way for a new beginning. There have to be leaders chosen again and staff employed for the smooth working of the company. Interview and hire of new employees Interviewing and hiring of new staff will have to be done which is a time consuming and costly process for any business. Redundancies The organization will have redundancies if proper steps for the change are not taken in time. This will affect the working and time management of the strategy of work. Training Training is another costly and time taking process. It takes a lot to train the employees and bear the costs. If the need for strategic change is understood, there is no need for the organization to bear costs or losses. Task 3.1 Develop systems to involve stakeholders in the planning of change in the chosen organization A stakeholder is one who has something to gain or lose through the outcomes of a planning process or project. These are also called interest groups and can have a strong bearing on the outcomes of political processes. It is useful for research projects to identify and analyse the needs and concerns of different stakeholders, particularly when these projects have an effect on policy Input-output transformation model Operations management transforms inputs (labour, capital, equipment, land, buildings, materials and information) into outputs (goods and services) that provide added value to customers. Transformation System is the critical element in the model that determines how well the company produces goods and services that meet consumer needs. It does not matter whether the organization is a for-profit company, a non-profit organization (religious organizations, hospitals, etc.), or a government agency; all organizations must strive to maximize the quality of their transformation processes to meet customer needs. Steps Involved Step 1: Clarify the research or policy change objective (Problem Tree Analysis or objectives analysis might help with this.) Stap 2: Identify all the stakeholders or interest groups associated with this objective, problem or issue. Stakeholders can be organizations, groups, departments, structures, networks or individuals. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5257HYPERLINK http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5257title=stakeholder-analysisHYPERLINK http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5257title=stakeholder-analysistitle=stakeholder-analysis Step 3: Using the grid organise the stakeholders in different matrices according to their interest and power. Interest measures to what degree they may to be affected by the research project. Power measures the influence they have over the project or policy, and to what degree they can help achieve, or block, the desired change. The Cultural Web The Cultural Web http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm The Cultural Web identifies six interrelated elements Johnson and Scholes (2002) call it the paradigm the pattern or model of the work environment. By analyzing the factors in each, you can begin to see what is working, what isnt working, and what needs to be changed. The six elements are: The past events and people talked about inside and outside the company. Who and what the company chooses to celebrate say a great deal about what it values, and perceives as great behaviour. The daily behaviour and actions of people that indicate acceptable behaviour. This determines what is expected to happen in given situations, and what is valued by management. The visual representations of the company including logos, how exquisite the offices are, and the dress codes. Multiple Cause Diagrams Multiple cause diagrams http://ilearn.cto.int/login/index.php Multiple cause diagrams are a way of using interconnectedness to shape up a complex situation. They represent both adequate and casual cause without making a distinction between them. This system is pictured as an interconnected group of events or effects to cause an effect as a purpose. Sometimes, if the input cause is removed, the output cause continues to happen, may be because feedback loops are present or other causes drive the effect. Influencing skills The careless reception of authority is becoming increasingly less common in the world. To get things done, it is better to rely on commitment rather than authority. For example, gaining co-operation from other departments. Task 3.2 Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders in the chosen organization Developing a winning strategy is messier than textbooks suggest. Most insights that are important for formulating strategies rest in the heads of operating managers. (Kotter 2007) The Stakeholder Circle This is designed to put stakeholders on the project management radar. It is a proven method supported by a tough, easy to use tool that guides us through five easy steps namely: Identify your projects stakeholders and understand their needs Prioritize the stakeholders on the basis of power, proximity and urgency. Visualize the key stakeholders using the Stakeholder Circle. Engage with the stakeholders by building and implementing an effective communication plan. Monitor changes as you update and review your stakeholders at key points in the project. Public Hearings: There can be events where stakeholders are allowed to give evidence or question general public authorities about decisions. Public hearings: Regulated, formal arrangements for times and places at which members of the general public and other types of stakeholders can give evidence or question public authorities about decisions. Deliberative Polling: This collects views when people are introduced to the issue and think about it. It also includes a feedback session. Task 3.3 Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change in the chosen organization The stakeholder model is helpful in explaining the rules of the economic game and the link between stakeholder value and competitive advantage. The stakeholder strategy plan guides us on how to interact and communicate with each stakeholder during different stages of a project. It also helps to define who should participate, in what ways and on what level of the project. It gives thorough knowledge of the matter and suits best to most organizations. Other ways such as polling, seminars and workshops are also perfect ways to handle change in a proper manner. Task 3.4 Create a strategy for managing resistance to change in the chosen organization Selective Perception: Peoples self interpretation of stimuli presents a unique image of the real world and results in selective perception. This leads to biased view of the situation that fits into the perception of reality. Habit: People are used to the same way of doing things which makes a habit. It becomes serves as a source of comfort. Bringing about change brings resistance. Loss of Freedom: If the change is seen as an inconvenience, it reduces freedom of action or results in increased control, there will be resistance. Direct vs Indirect There is staff that may resist directly and others that may be indirect in resistance. Direct resistance is to oppose in a direct manner and fighting straight but indirect resistance is to show resistance by making excuses such as resigning. Task 4.1 Develop appropriate models for change in the chosen organization that will reflect their circumstances The best model for change that applies to Sapphire Beauty Box is Proscis Five Building Blocks change management model which includes the ADKAR The first thing Sapphire needs is the Awareness of the need for change. If the need for change is understood, half the job is done. Planned communication is essential for understanding. Sapphire needs change as there is a need for it. Next is the Desire to participate and help the change. The employees of Sapphire need to make a personal decision to support the change and sustain it too. The CEO announced incentives for individuals creating a desire to be a part of the change. The third building block is providing Knowledge. Sapphire held a seminar for imparting awareness for change, how to undergo change and how to implement it. Prosci (2003) suggested forums and mentoring for knowledge of change. Ability to implement required skills and behavior is another building block of the ADKAR model. It is the difference between theory and practice. Once knowledge is imparted on change, the performance of the individual needs to be supported. Sapphire can do this by practice, coaching and feedback. Lat, but not the least comes Reinforcement. It is the final and essential stage of the model where efforts to sustain the change is accentuated. It is to be ensured that changes stay in place and individuals do not revert to old ways. The ways to do it are positive feedback, recognition, rewarding, etc. Sapphire makes it a point to take feedback of the customers as well as the employees to keep both sides balanced. There is a Best Employee of the Month award scheme at Sapphire Beauty Box which inspires employees to do their best. Proscis Change Management Model http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-adkar-overview.htm Task 4.2 Plan to implement a model for change considering the internal and external circumstances impacting on the organization Kaizen Method This is a Japanese method for continuous incremental improvement. It is a concept for gradual, continuous improvement. It assumes that every aspect of life has to be constantly improved. The main elements of Kaizen are effort, quality, and willingness to change, communication and involvement of employees. Its five founding elements are Teamwork Personal Discipline Improved Morale Quality Circles and Suggestions for Improvement. The Kaizen method is best for Sapphire Beauty Box as it is people oriented, requires long term discipline and easy to implement. Matrix Organizations This kind of organization offers the advantages of flexibility, greater security and control of project information. It establishes a grid with a two way flow of authority and responsibility. Task 4.3 Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress of the developed model Goal Based Evaluation To start with goal based evaluation, there can be two main questions we can ask for How has the programme made a difference Are the participants of the programme feeling better as a result of the programme? Outcome based evaluation is a way that determines if the project at Sapphire Beauty Box have achieved its goals. The organized process using OBE helps to establish clear outcomes, to measure benefits, clarify groups for which benefits are targeted. Other ways to monitor progress in Sapphire Beauty Box are regular reports of the activities being practiced in there. Meetings are also undertaken by higher authorities to administer the changes and keep a watch on them. Quality Circles appear simple and straightforward but have to be viewed in regard to Japanese culture and management systems. Quality circles are do work and are used successfully by British organizations. . CONCLUSION It can be concluded that strategic change is the key factor in any organization. Change is a pervasive influence. We are all subject to change in one form or the other which is continuous. The steps to change from Kotter give vital knowledge about making change Kotter is called the GURU in terms of change management. Proscis ADKAR building blocks give deep understanding and guidance for applying change and monitoring it to sustain change. Kurt Lewins change model is also an important one. The freeze, refreeze and transition stages develop new attitudes and behaviour.

European Literature during the Renaissance

Elizabeth Commits Mrs.. Mullen AP European History 19 September 2013 Literature in the Renaissance time period introduced new themes and ideas to the European population. Such writings revolutionized Europeans opinions and the roles in society of man, the Catholic Church, and ancient Greece and Rome. Four Renaissance works, Oration on the Dignity of Man, The Prince, â€Å"Frederic's Falcon†, and The Abbot and the Learned Woman, reflect the humanistic, secular, and classicist themes through the glorification of man and subsequent indifference or criticism of the Church.Monorail's Oration on the Dignity of Man demonstrates humanism more than the other themes. The entire purpose of the address is to leonine and celebrate humans. Essentially, the general opinion holds man as â€Å"the mediator of all creatures, the servant of superior beings, the lord of inferior ones the interpreter of nature by the keenness of his senses, by rational inquiry, by the light of his intellect† (Miranda 335). Humanism is channeled particularly through the statement â€Å"we are what we wish to be† (Miranda 337), which praises the perseverance and confidence of man hat he may do and be anything he wishes.According to Miranda, humans deserve to strive for the highest honors and to be of equal power of angels and God, for he calls man to â€Å"let us emulate their dignity and glory and, if we desire it, shall be in no way inferior to them† (Miranda 338). Machiavellian The Prince involves humanism in the sense of praising the reality of humans. Through the example of Pope Alexander X', Machiavelli recognizes the struggles man faces and his incredible ability to prevail over such hardships. Alexander â€Å"great spirit and high ambition† allowed him to overcome obstacles and employ successful designs during his rule.There is also a great value in the â€Å"truth of things† and not the imaginary; princes aren't perfect, yet it is a balance between g ood and bad qualities which makes them successful. Even when discussing princes who came to power through corruption and crime, Machiavelli still admires their bravery and spirit. Of Prince Stagecoaches: in respect of â€Å"the velour with which he encountered and extricated himself from dangers, and the constancy of his spirit in supporting ND conquering adverse fortune, there seems no reason to Judge him inferior to the greatest captains that have ever lived† (Machiavelli 347-348).In addition, Vocation's â€Å"Feedings Falcon† also references humanism in characterizing human emotions of love, generosity, and compassion. Foddering, the protagonist, is wildly in love with Mona Giovanni. The story praises reciprocal human kindness and generosity, for his actions reward Foddering in the end with his marriage to Giovanni. Similarly, Erasmus The Abbot and the Learned Woman emends human love and respect of one another: the woman and her husband share a love for learning, wh ich brings them closer together.The piece simultaneously scorns disrespect and cruelty toward other humans; the Abbot, who is very sexist and rude to the woman, is made the fool in the story for being so ignorant and standing on weak, immature arguments. Secularism, the indifference or criticism toward the Catholic Church, can be identified in the Oration on the Dignity of Man mainly through the undermining of God's (and the Church's) power. The oration does not capitalize â€Å"he† when speaking of God, suggesting that God is of equal power as any ordinary man.Moreover, when God creates Adam, He gives him and all humans the power and freedom to do what they want: muff, unhampered, may determine your own limits according to your own will, into whose power I have placed you† (Miranda 336). This declaration gives God less control and dominance over man, thus heightening the belief that the Church and God aren't superior to man. In The Prince, continuous reference to †Å"Fortune† as determining humans' lives omits God from interfering in the lives of man; â€Å"it was through no fault of his but from the extraordinary and extreme malignity of Fortune† (Machiavelli 343).The pope's weak power over territory is highlighted through Pope Alexander Vic's conflicts with monarchical rulers and his inability to take lands belonging and not belonging to the church. Criticism is apparent in Alexander creation of Pope Julius II, for Machiavelli notes that â€Å"after using his reputation for liberality to arrive at the Papacy, [Pope Julius II] made no effort to preserve that petition when making war on the King of France but carried on all his many campaigns without levying from his subjects a single extraordinary tax, providing for the increased expenditure out of his long-continued savings† (Machiavelli 351).When remarking that â€Å"No Prince was ever at a loss for plausible reasons to cover a breach of faith†, Machiavelli accept s that royalty disobeys the church often, but it's commonplace and easy to cover up. Secularism is present in â€Å"Frederic's Falcon† because there is a complete lack of the Church and its role in society; Fortune is offered to as the ruling factor of life instead of God. In comparison, The Abbot and the Learned Woman is secular through outright criticism of the Church, portrayed by the abbot's character.He is rude, ignorant, condescending, and close-minded; for his poor reasoning and indignant attitude, he is the fool and loser in the argument. The story serves as a lesson for the Church to reform its ways and become more accepting, open-minded, and educated in the modernizing world around them. References to the study and revival of ancient Greek and Roman history are included n Renaissance works as a meaner to intensify the glorification of man during the humanistic movement.Classicism reinforces the beliefs of humanism by comparing man to revered Greek and Roman figures. In Oration on the Dignity of Man, â€Å"What a miracle, Oh Ecclesiae, is man! † indicates Ecclesiae, a son of Apollo and the ancient Greek god of medicine and healing. Associating man with such an important Greek figure heightens man's value and superiority. Later on in this speech, man is said to symbolize Protests, a sea god known for his ability to assume different forms. This imprison of humans to Protests emphasizes their extraordinary ability to be versatile and dynamic.In The Prince, a reference to Chirps the Centaur demonstrates the value of princes to understand how to act both like the man and the beast; many successful princes including Achilles were trained by the centaur. According to Machiavelli, â€Å"it is necessary for a Prince to know how to use both natures and that the one without the other has no stability' (Machiavelli 353). The development of humanism, secularism, and classicism in the Renaissance affected how writers depicted society at the time.New ideas of the superiority of man arose, revitalization ancient Greek and Roman figures in order to further glorify the human. Along with praise of humans also came criticisms of the Church, questioning the Church's outdated beliefs and common frauds, encouraging major reforms. Often the Church wasn't mentioned whatsoever, showing the dwindling importance and influence of the Church in society. Renaissance writers captured the changes in European life through their works by crafting clever stories while giving their two cents on the issues at hand and revolutions to come.

Facebook faces up, for better or worse? Essay

Facebook started as a â€Å"collegiate social network† (Atal, 2007). In May 2007 it abandoned the college niche and opened its doors to everyone. ComScore noted that â€Å"71% of users are now outside the college age-bracket† (Atal, 2007). There’s no doubt that the move significantly increased the membership in the network, but is their decision to open to the public undisputedly for the better? Facebook made its mark by focusing on a college niche. Their decision to veer away from this market could have serious consequences to the network. One trade off is between size and significance. A niche encourages specific, familiar and private network. â€Å"Student-exclusive networks provide users with a sense of importance: It’s easy to become a big fish in a small, students-only pond† (Atal, 2007). It gives them the feeling of belonging; of being a part of a community they can call their own. It connects them to people they can relate to. While membership is limited to a specific class of people, size is compensated by closer and more meaningful interaction between the members. The downside is, applications are also restricted to the interests of the niche market. Public networks on the other hand can reach more people. A diverse crowd needs varied things, thus they have bigger room for improvement and development. They are not limited to specific programs, interests or advertisements. By shifting to a public social network, Facebook got rid of its boundaries. It opened its doors to serve more people. It embraced an opportunity for growth. One of the issues raised is the reaction of the original members to the upgrade. â€Å"Facebook has such a strong hold on the college social networking market† (Atal, 2007). The change in focus market did not seem to affect the support of students.   Original members remained loyal to Facebook despite the change. Going from a niche to a public network is a new ballgame for Facebook. They are up against giant networks. They need to perform on a higher level. They have to create a niche amidst the league of giants in order to stay on top. Leaving their niche opened opportunities for new networks to step in. CollegeOTR.com, CollegeTonight.com, and CollegeWikis.com are three of the websites that are likely to benefit from this. Capitalizing on the niche left by Facebook, these network aim to create networks that are â€Å"as specific as they could be† (Atal, 2007). Conclusion Facebook’s decision to abandon the college niche and upgrade to a public social network is beneficial to Facebook. It offered opportunity for growth without alienating the original members. While the focus expanded to include everyone interested in joining the community, they can still serve the need for smaller communities by developing applications suited for this purpose. By upgrading to a public social network, Facebook put an end to the competition between Facebook and other college networks and paved the way for collaboration. One example of this successful partnership as mentioned in the article is the SuperWall (Atal, 2007).   CollegeWikis.com sponsored Superwall, a Facebook â€Å"application where users post college-specific information that is instantly communicated to the virtual message walls of other registered users at their college† (Atal, 2007).   Collaborations like this not only promote cooperation among the networks but also present the best of both worlds to the users. Facebook gave up its niche market to give way to improved service, diverse membership and better partnership with other networks. The decision positioned the company to serve more people, produce more products and services well into the future. Reference Atal, Maja. (2007, August 8). Facebook Faces Up. Businessweek, 1-2.